The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 2nd September 2022

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis of 2nd Sep, 2022 by StudyIQ. The Hindu Newspaper Analysis Today PDF covering all major news of The Hindu Newspaper on daily basis. The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

India’s gross revenues from the Goods and Services Tax (GST) were ₹1,43,612 crore in August, 28% higher than a year ago.
Revenues from import of goods soared 57% during the month while domestic transactions and import of services yielded 19% higher taxes than in August 2021.
The Ministry said the sustained uptick in GST collections is “a clear impact of various measures taken by the (GST) Council in the past to ensure better compliance”. Better reporting coupled with economic recovery has been having positive impact on the GST revenues on a consistent basis, it added.

Goods and Services Tax(GST)

GST was introduced through the 101st Constitution Amendment Act, 2016.
It is the biggest indirect tax reform in the country.
It was introduced on the pretext of ‘One Nation One Tax’.
It has subsumed indirect taxes like excise duty, Value Added Tax (VAT), service tax, luxury tax
It is levied at the final consumption point and is essentially a consumption tax.
It has led to a common national market as it helped mitigate the double taxation, cascading effect of taxes, multiplicity of taxes, classification issues etc.
The GST paid by a merchant to procure goods or services (i.e. on inputs) can be set off later against the tax applicable on supply of final goods and services.
The GST avoids the cascading effect or tax on taxwhich increases the tax burden on the end consumer.

GST Council

It is a constitutional body under Article 279Afor making recommendations to the Union and State Government on issues related to Goods and Services Tax(GST).
It is chaired by the Union Finance Ministerand other members are the Union State Minister of Revenue or Finance and Ministers in-charge of Finance or Taxation of all the States.
It is considered as a federal bodywhere both the centre and the states get due representation.
It is the first constitutional federal body vested with powers to take all major decisions relating to GST

Composition of GST Council:

Chairperson: The Union Finance Minister
The Union Minister of State in charge of Revenue or Finance
Ministers in-charge of Finance or Taxation of all the States
Vice-chairperson: The members of the Council from the states have to choose one amongst themselves to be the Vice-Chairperson of the Council.
Chairperson of the Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC): to be included as a permanent invitee (non-voting) to all proceedings of the Council.

Gender issues, particularly gender inequality and discrimination in academia relating to higher education, perhaps came under the spotlight for the first time in India in 1933 when Kamala Sohonie approached Sir C.V. Raman to pursue research in physics under his guidance. The Nobel Laureate and illustrious director of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, turned the request down on the ground that ‘she was a woman’.
Some of these initiatives such as the Gender Advancement for Transforming Institutions (GATI), i.e., a pilot project under the Department of Science and Technology to promote gender equity in science and technology,
Knowledge Involvement in Research Advancement through Nurturing (KIRAN), i.e., a plan under the Department of Science and Technology again to encourage women scientists in science and technology and also preventing women scientists from giving up research due to family reasons, are noteworthy.
Women are still an under-represented population globally in hardcore science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).
According to available UNESCO data on some selected countries, India is at the lowest position, having only 14% female researchers working in STEM areas.
In India, about 43% of women constitute the graduate population in STEM, which is one of the highest in the world, but there is a downside to this; only 14% of women join academic institutions and universities.
It is hoped the programmes that have been initiated by the Government to empower women in the workforce will usher in gender parity by 2047, which would mark the centenary of India’s Independence.

The NSO’s projection of 13.5% growth in gross domestic product from the year-earlier April-June period, however, is disconcertingly slower than the 16.2% pace that the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had projected just last month and points to an economy that is still in search of a firmer footing.
With the RBI needing to stay laser focused on taming inflation, the onus is on fiscal authorities to spur consumption and investment.
GDP is simply the sum of the final prices of goods and services produced in an economy over a specific time period.
GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product, which is a measure of the worth of a country’s economic activities.

Formula For Calculating GDP

- GDP = C + I + G + IX
- Where C = Consumption
- I = Investment
- G = Government Expenditure

IX = Export – Import
The government switched to a new base year of 2011-12 for national accounts in January 2015, replacing the previous base year of 2004-05.

Increase in violent crimes, suicides in 2021 points to indirect consequences of pandemic.
In a worrying trend, the registration in violent crimes such as rape, kidnapping, atrocities against children, robberies and murders increased in 2021 to levels set before the pandemic, in comparison to the drop in 2020, according to the annual report, “Crime in India” released by the NCRB earlier this week.
Again these trends have to be read State-wise — Assam (76.6 violent crimes per one lakh people), Delhi (57) and West Bengal (48.7) had the highest numbers while Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu registered the lowest numbers.
The 5.9% jump in cases registered as cyber crimes over 2020, also indicates the increasing use of digital devices and the related challenges. This increase was more so in rural areas as cyber crime in metropolitan cities (with population more than two million people) registered a decline of 8.3% compared to 2020.

Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules of 1964 and reviving the debate on the freedom of civil servants to express their personal views on matters of law and governance.
The citizens of this country have the fundamental right of free speech guaranteed to them under the Constitution, which is subject to reasonable restrictions in the interest of securing the state’s sovereignty, international relations, health, morality, etc.
Rule 9 of the Rules of the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules states, “No Government servant shall… make any statement of fact or opinion… which has the effect of an adverse criticism of any current or recent policy or action of the Central Government or a State Government.”

An Indian Army contingent comprising troops from 7/8 Gorkha Rifles is participating in the multilateral strategic and command exercise ‘Vostok-2022’ which commenced on Friday at the training grounds of the eastern military district in Russia. The exercise also includes participation by the Chinese People’s Liberation Army.

Crime Multi-Agency Centre (Cri-MAC) has been launched for sharing the information on heinous crime and other issues related to inter-state coordination.
The Crime Multi Agency Centre (Cri-MAC) was launched in 2020 by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) to share information on crime and criminals 24×7 with various law enforcement agencies and ensure a seamless flow of information among them.
The application run by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) aims to help in early detection and prevention of crime incidents across the country.

The purpose of single-use plastics is to use them once or for a short period of time before disposing of them. There is a greater likelihood of single-use plastic products ending up in the sea than reusable ones.
The Plastic Waste Management Amendment Rules, 2021, prohibited the manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale, and use of plastic carry bags whose thickness is less than 75 microns.
To ensure the effective enforcement of the ban, national and State-level control rooms will be established, as well as special enforcement teams for the purpose of checking the illegal manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale and use of single-use plastics.
Bangladesh became the first country to ban thin plastic bags in 2002; New Zealand banned plastic bags in July 2019. China had issued a ban on plastic bags in 2020 with a phased implementation.
As of July 2019, 68 countries have plastic bag bans with varying degrees of enforcement.
It means that the ban does not cover all plastic bags; however, it requires the manufacturers to produce plastic bags thicker than 75 microns which was earlier 50 microns. As per the notification, the standard shall be increased to 120 microns in December this year.