Table of Contents
SIKH GURUS
- Guru Nanak Dev (1469-1539) – He was the founder of Sikh Religion.
- Guru Angad (1539-1552) – He started Gurumukhi language that is the writing script Sikh Religion.
- Guru Amardas (1552-1574) – He demolished many social evils like stoppage of child marriage, widow re-marriage etc.
- Guru Ramdas (1574-1581) – He discovered the Amritsar city by contributing 500 villages. Akbar had gifted him these villages.
- Guru Arjan Dev (1581-1606) – He built Golden Temple and also wrote Aadigranth. At last, he was executed by Emperor Jahangir.
- Guru Hargobind (1606-1645) – He placed Akal Takht in the Golden Temple
- . Guru Har Rai (1645-1661)
- Guru Harikishan (1661-1664) – Many schools were built across the country by the names Hari Kishan.
- Guru Tegbahadur (1664-1675) – Emperor Aurangzeb sentenced his death.
- Guru Gobind Singh (1675-1708) – He started Khalsa Panth.
EARLY LIFE
- Guru Angad was born on 29 march ,1504 in a village, with birth name of Lehna, to Hindu parents living in Punjab region. He was the son of a small but successful trader named Pheru Mal.
- His mother’s name was Mata Ramo (also known as Mata Sabhirai, Mansa Devi and Daya Kaur). Like all the Sikh Gurus, Lehna came from Khatri caste.
- At age 16, Angad married a Khatri girl named Mata Khivi in January 1520. They had two sons (Dasu and Datu) and one or two daughters (Amro and Anokhi), depending on the primary sources.
The GURU
- The family settled at Khadur Sahib, a village by the River Beas near what is now Tarn Taran.
- Lehna was a religious teacher and priest who performed services focussed on Durga.
- Bhai Lehna in his late 20s sought out Guru Nanak, became his disciple, and displayed deep and loyal service to his Guru for about six to seven years in Kartarpur
GURU ANGAD DEVJI
- Several stories in the Sikh tradition describe reasons why Bhai Lehna was chosen by Guru Nanak over his own sons as his successor.
- Guru Nanak renamed him Angad (from Ang, or part of the body) and named him as his successor and the second Nanak on 13 June 1539.
- After the death of Guru Nanak on 22 September 1539, Guru Angad left Kartarpur for the village of Khadur Sahib (near Goindwal Sahib).
- Guru Angad focussed on the teachings of Nanak, and building the community through charitable works such as langar.
SAMADHI
- The second Mughal Emperor of India Humayun visited Guru Angad at around 1540 after Humayun lost the Battle of Kannauj, and thereby the Mughal throne to Sher Shah Suri.
- Before his death, Guru Angad, following the example set by Guru Nanak, nominated Guru Amar Das as his successor (The Third Nanak).
- Before he converted to Sikhism, Amar Das had been a religious Hindu , reputed to have gone on some twenty pilgrimages into the Himalayas, to Haridwar on river Ganges
- . Guru Angad named Amar Das as his successor in 1552, instead of naming his surviving son Shri Chand. Guru Angad died on 29 March 1552.
GURMUKHI AND LANGAR
- Guru Angad is credited in the Sikh tradition with the Gurmukhi script, which is now the standard writing script for Punjabi language in India.
- Guru Angad’s script modified the pre-existing Indo-European scripts in northern parts of the Indian subcontinent.The script may have already been developing before the time of Guru Angad, because there is evidence that at least one hymn was written in acrostic form by Guru Nanak
- . He also wrote 62 or 63 Saloks (compositions), which together constitute about one percent of the Guru Granth Sahib, the primary scripture of Sikhism.
GURMUKHI AND LANGAR
- Guru Angad is notable for systematizing the institution of langar in all Sikh temple premises, where visitors from near and far, could get a free simple meal in a communal seating.
- He also set rules and training method for volunteers (sevadars) who operated the kitchen, placing emphasis on treating it as a place of rest and refuge, being always polite and hospitable to all visitors.
- Guru Angad visited other places and centres established by Guru Nanak for the preaching of Sikhism. He established new centres and thus strengthened its base.
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