Biography Of Anwar Sadat – Free PDF Download

EARLY LIFE

• Anwar Sadat was born on 25 December 1918 in Mit Abu El Kom, Monufia, Egypt to a poor Nubian family, one of 13 brothers and sisters.
• His father, Anwar Mohammed El Sadat was an Upper Egyptian, and his mother, Sit Al-Berain, was Sudanese from her father.
• He graduated from the Royal Military Academy in Cairo in 1938 and was appointed to the Signal Corps.
• He entered the army as a second lieutenant and was posted to Sudan (Egypt and Sudan were one country at the time). There, he met Gamal Abdel Nasser.

RISING

• During the Second World War he was imprisoned by the British for his efforts to obtain help from the Axis Powers in expelling the occupying British forces.
• Along with his fellow Free Officers, Sadat participated in the military coup that launched the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which overthrew King Farouk on 23 July of that year.
• During the presidency of Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sadat was appointed minister of State in 1954. Sadat was the President of the National Assembly (1960–1968) and then vice president and member of the presidential council in 1964.

PRESIDENT

• Nasser died on September 28, 1970, and Sadat became acting president, winning the position for good in a nationwide vote on October 15, 1970.
• Sadat immediately set about separating himself from Nasser in both domestic and foreign policies. Domestically, he initiated the open-door policy known as infitah (Arabic for “opening”), an economic program designed to attract foreign trade and investment.

CORRECTIVE REVOLUTION

• On 15 May 1971, Sadat announced his Corrective Revolution, purging the government, political and security establishments of the most ardent Nasserists.
• He began peace talks with Egypt’s longtime foe Israel almost immediately. Initially, Israel refused Sadat’s terms (which proposed that peace could come if Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula), and Sadat and Syria built a military coalition to retake the territory in 1973.
• This action ignited the October (Yom Kippur) War, from which Sadat emerged with added respect in the Arab community.

PEACE

• A few years after the Yom Kippur War, Sadat restarted his efforts to build peace in the Middle East, traveling to Jerusalem in November 1977 and presenting his peace plan to the Israeli parliament.
• The Peace treaty was finally signed by Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin in Washington, D.C., United States, on 26 March 1979. . Both Sadat and Begin were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for creating the treaty.

PEACE

• The agreement notably made Egypt the first Arab country to officially recognize Israel.
• The relationship between Iran and Egypt had fallen into open hostility during Gamal Abdel Nasser’s presidency. Following his death in 1970, President Sadat turned this around quickly into an open and close friendship.
• In 1971, Sadat addressed the Iranian parliament in Tehran in fluent Persian, describing the 2,500-year-old historic connection between the two lands.
• The relationship between Cairo and Tehran became so friendly that the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, called Sadat his “dear brother”.

ASSASINATION

• Following a failed military coup in June 1981, Sadat ordered a major crackdown that resulted in the arrest of numerous opposition figures.
• Chief strategist of El-Jihad was Abbud al-Zumar, a colonel in the military intelligence whose “plan was to kill the main leaders of the country, capture the headquarters of the army and State Security.
• The round up missed a Jihad cell in the military led by Lieutenant Khalid Islambouli, who would succeed in assassinating Anwar Sadat that October.

ASSASINATION

• On 6 October 1981, Sadat was assassinated during the annual victory parade held in Cairo to celebrate Egypt’s crossing of the Suez Canal.
• Islambouli emptied his assault rifle into Sadat’s body while in the front of the grandstand, mortally wounding the President.
• The assassination squad was led by Lieutenant Khalid Islambouli. Islambouli was tried, found guilty, sentenced to death, and executed by firing squad in April 1982.

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