Maharashtra: Top Performer In Organ Donation – Economics

Table of Contents

CURRENT AFFAIR

Recently, Maharashtra surpassed Tamil Nadu and Telangana and became the top performer in the field of organ donation.

Sensitisation drives and the meticulous efforts of Regional Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation – State Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (ROTTO-SOTTO) along with four Zonal Transplant Coordination Centres (ZTCCs)

The Ministry of Health and Family welfare has established National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO) at National level, State Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (SOTTO) in States and Regional Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (ROTTO) at regional level.
National Network division of NOTTO functions as apex centre for coordinating all activities and networking for procurement and distribution of organs and tissues and maintaining registry of organs and tissues donation and transplantation in the country.

Giving part of the body (organ) to a person with end stage organ disease who needs a transplant.
The organs that can be donated for transplantation include kidney, liver, heart, lungs, and small bowel and tissues such as corneas, heart valves, skin and bone.

Living Donor Organ Donation: A person during his life can donate one kidney, a portion of pancreas and a part of the liver.
Deceased Donor Organ Donation: A person can donate multiple organs and tissues after (brain-stem/cardiac) death.

Organ Transplantation and Donation is permitted by law, and covered under the “Transplantation of Human Organs Act 1994”, which has allowed organ donation by live & Brain-stem Dead donors.
In 2011, amendment of the Act also brought in donation of human tissues, thereby calling the Amended Act “Transplantation of Human Organs & Tissues Act 2011”.
The Government of India has also started a National Organ and Transplant Program (NOTP), under which patients below the poverty line are supported for the cost of transplant as well as cost of immunosuppression after transplant for one year.

Every single day, at least 15 patients die waiting for an organ and every 10 minutes, a new patient requires an organ.
Every year, 500,000 people die because of non-availability of organs. 200,000 people die of liver disease and 50,000 people die from heart disease.
150,000 people await a kidney transplant every year but only 5,000 get one.
1,000,000 lakh people suffer from corneal blindness and await a transplant.

The rate of organ donation in India used to be 0.5 per million populations, but in 2018 it has climbed up to 8.
Despite this, India is still far away from other countries like Spain, USA, China, Germany, Australia and Brazil who are way ahead when it comes to organ donation. While Spain is leading the cause of organ donation with the highest rate of organ donation (per million population) at 46.9, USA has 31.96 rates, followed by Australia (20.70) and Brazil (16.60).