Battle Of Amritsar | War | Free PDF Download

SIKH-MUGHAL WARS

SIKH GURUS

• • Guru Nanak Dev (1469-1539) – He was the founder of Sikh Religion.
  • Guru Angad (1539-1552) – He started Gurumukhi language that is the writing script Sikh Religion.
  • Guru Amardas (1552-1574) – He demolished many social evils like stoppage of child marriage, widow re-marriage etc.
  • Guru Ramdas (1574-1581) – He discovered the Amritsar city by contributing 500 villages. Akbar had gifted him these villages.

• Guru Arjan Dev (1581-1606) – He built Golden Temple and also wrote Aadigranth. At last, he was executed by Emperor Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind (1606-1645) – He placed Akal Takht in the Golden Temple.
• Guru Har Rai (1645-1661)
• Guru Harikishan (1661-1664) – Many schools were built across the country by the names of Hari Kishan.
• Guru Tegbahadur (1664-1675) – Emperor Aurangzeb sentenced his death.
• Guru Gobind Singh (1675-1708) – He started Khalsa Panth.

 BACKGROUND

• • The Sikhs did not had any concept of a martial race when Sikhism was founded. It was the religious persecution of Sikhs by Mughals which prompted the introduction of Khalsa (saint soldiers).
  • The conflict between Sikhs and Mughals started to arise with the persecution of Sikh gurus on their refusal to convert into Islam. Fifth guru Arjan Dev and ninth guru Tegh Bahadur were executed by Jahangir and Aurangzeb respectively.
  • After the formation of the khalsa , the political and military power of the Sikhs grew tremendouslyGURU HARGOBIND

• Guru Hargobind was the sixth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion. He had become Guru at the young age of eleven, after the execution of his father, Guru Arjan, by the Mughal emperor Jahangir
• Hargobind was born in 1595 in Wadali Guru, a village 7 km west of Amritsar. On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan selected Hargobind as his successor and instructed his son to start a military tradition to protect the Sikh people.

• Shortly afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, Guru Hargobind’s succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606.
• The Guru was a martial artist (shastarvidya), an avid hunter. Guru Hargobind encouraged people to maintain physical fitness and keep their bodies ready for physical combat.

BATTLE OF ROHILLA

• The Battle of Rohilla was a 1621 campaign by the Mughal Empire against the growing influence of the Sikhs. • Because of historic persecution from the Mughal Empire, Guru Hargobind had militarized the Sikhs which resulted in increased political and military power.
• Thus he was attacked by a group of local jagirdars under the command of Abdul Khan. Local jagidar got killed by Rao Mandan Rathore and the rest of the army fled the field of battle resulting in a decisive Sikh victory.

BATTLE OF AMRITSAR(1634)

• After persecution from the Mughal government the Sikhs began organizing regular training exercises and became a rallying point for people disaffected by the Mughals.
• Increasing tensions erupted during a clash between a group of Sikh and Mughal hunting parties. The incident with the hunting parties was used as an excuse to send out 7,000 soldiers with Mukhlis Khan to attack Guru Hargobind.
• The battle took place at Amritsar over two days. The day before the Mughals attacked, the Sikhs received information that they would be attacking and evacuated Lohgarh, a small mud fort on the outskirts of the city, except for a small garrison.

BATTLE OF AMRITSAR(1634)

• • On the first day, the Mughals overwhelmed the garrison at Lohgarh but did not get further. The Mughal force also attacked the house where Guru Hargobind had been staying but did not find anything because it had been evacuated earlier.

• The second day of the battle saw fierce fighting. Bhai Bhanno was killed in the fighting and Guru Hargobind took up command when he died. The battle ended when Mukhlis Khan’s head was “cleft in twain” by a blow from Guru Hargobind.
• In addition, the Sikh victory destroyed the idea of Mughal invincibility and increased the Guru’s support among peasants in Punjab

BATTLE OF KARTARPUR(1635)

• The Battle of Kartarpur was a 1635 siege of Kartarpur by the Mughal Empire and was the last major battle of the Mughal-Sikh Wars of Guru Hargobind’s period of Guruship.
• Mughal army led by Painde Khan laid siege to Kartarpur. Kartarpur was defended by Bhai Bidhi Chand with Guru Hargobind and his son Baba Gurdita supporting him. The siege was failed by the Sikhs.

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