Bhagat Singh Biography, History, Death, Important Facts

Bhagat Singh

Bhagat Singh is considered one of the most influential nationalist leaders of the Indian Independence movement. Bhagat Singh is often referred to as ‘Shaheed’ Bhagat Singh. The word ‘Shaheed’ means a martyr. “If the deaf are to hear, the sound has to be very loud. When we dropped the bomb, it was not our intention to kill anybody, we have bombed the British Government, British must quit India and make it free.” Bhagat Singh said this after the Assembly Bombing.

Bhagat Singh Life Overview

All those who stand up for justice and struggle against injustice might find inspiration in Bhagat Singh’s life. At a very young age, he devoted his entire life was devoted to the fight for India’s Independence. His story serves as a reminder that success is still attainable even in the face of extreme adversity. The biography of Bhagat Singh offers inspiration to people battling for change today and offers a glimpse into the revolutionary’s mentality. Check the Overview of Life of Bhagat Singh below in the table:

Bhagat Singh Biography

One of the most important revolutionaries in the Indian Nationalist Movement is Bhagat Singh. On September 28, 1907, Kishan Singh and Vidyavati gave birth to Bhagat Singh in Banga, Lyallpur District (now Pakistan). When he was born, his uncles Ajit and Swaran Singh, as well as his father Kishan Singh, were all imprisoned for protesting the 1906 Colonization Bill. Being raised in a politically conscious household where his family supported the Ghadar Party, young Bhagat Singh developed a sense of patriotism.

Bhagat Singh started supporting Mahatma Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation Movement at a very young age. Bhagat Singh openly resisted the British and carried out Gandhi’s request by setting fire to publications that were sponsored by the government. In fact, he quit school altogether to enrol in Lahore’s National College. The 1919 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and the 1921 murder of unarmed Akali demonstrators at the Nankana Sahib both occurred when he was a teenager, and both events strongly influenced his patriotic viewpoint.

Bhagat Singh’s family adhered to the Gandhian philosophy of using non-violence to achieve Swaraj, and for a while, he also backed the Indian National Congress and the objectives of the Non-Cooperation Movement. After the Chauri Chaura Incident, Gandhi demanded that the movement against non-cooperation be abandoned. Bhagat Singh disassociated himself from Gandhi’s nonviolent effort because of the choice and joined the Young Revolutionary Movement instead. Thus began his career as the most well-known proponent of a bloody uprising against the British Raj.

The Naujawan Bharat Sabha was established in March 1925, with Bhagat Singh serving as its secretary, and was motivated by nationalist movements in Europe. In addition, Bhagat Singh joined the radical Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), which he eventually renamed the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) with fellow revolutionaries Chandra Shekhar Azad and Sukhdev.

Bhagat Singh Revolutionary Activities

Bhagat Singh’s early actions consisted primarily of penning critical articles against the British government and printing and distributing leaflets explaining the fundamentals of a violent insurrection with the goal of overthrowing the government. To protest the Simon Commission’s arrival, Lala Lajpat Rai led an all-parties parade that marched toward the Lahore train station on October 30, 1928.

To stop the protesters from moving forward, the police used a violent lathi charge. The revolutionaries were not able to recognize J.P. Saunders who was Assistant Superintendent of Police, they thought that he was a Scott and killed him instead. Bhagat Singh quickly left Lahore in order to avoid getting caught. To avoid being recognized, he shaved his beard and cut his hair, violating the core values of Sikhism.

Central Assembly Bombing Case

Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt exploded a bomb in Delhi’s Central Assembly on April 8, 1929, from the Visitors’ Gallery. They also raised pro-revolutionary banners and threw leaflets. Because they planned to utilize the trial as a platform to propagate their message of revolution and anti-imperialism, neither revolutionary resisted being taken into custody. Throughout the entire arrest, they screamed “Inquilab Zindabad” slogans. The phrase gained a lot of traction with young people and many liberation warriors.

They never intended to hurt anyone physically, thus there were no casualties in the incident. Their claimed objective was “to make the deaf hear.” Auguste Valliant, a French anarchist who was hanged by France for a similar incident in Paris, served as inspiration for Bhagat Singh, the incident’s mastermind. Both Singh and Dutt received life sentences in jail after being found guilty in the incident’s trial. At this point, Bhagat Singh had also been connected to the JP Saunders murder case. He was charged with the murder of Saunders together with Rajguru and Sukhdev.

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Bhagat Singh: 1929 Assembly Incident Trial

The violent protest was met with harsh criticism from the political body. In response, Singh said, “Force, when used violently, is ‘violence’ and is, thus, morally indefensible, but when it is used in support of a righteous cause, it has its moral legitimacy. Trial proceedings began in May, with Singh attempting to represent himself and Batukeshwar Dutt being represented by Afsar Ali. The explosions’ malevolent and illegal motive was cited by the court in its decision in favour of a life sentence.

Bhagat Singh: Lahore Conspiracy Case & Trial

Three people, Hans Raj Vohra, Jai Gopal, and Phanindra Nath Ghosh, turned government approvers, which resulted in a total of 21 arrests, including those of Sukhdev, Jatindra Nath Das, and Rajguru. The police raided the HSRA bomb factories in Lahore shortly after the sentencing and detained several well-known revolutionaries. For the murder of Assistant Superintendent Saunders, the making of bombs, and the Lahore Conspiracy case, Bhagat Singh was detained once again.

On the orders of the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, a special tribunal made up of Justices J. Coldstream, Agha Hyder, and G. C. Hilton was established on May 1st, 1930 due to the sluggishness of the legal proceedings. The tribunal had the authority to conduct the trial without the presence of the defendant, and it was a biased trial that rarely followed the standard legal rights principles.

On the orders of the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, a special tribunal made up of Justices J. Coldstream, Agha Hyder, and G. C. Hilton was established on May 1st, 1930 due to the sluggishness of the legal proceedings. The tribunal had the authority to conduct the trial without the presence of the defendant, and it was a biased trial that rarely followed the standard legal rights principles.

On the orders of the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, a special tribunal made up of Justices J. Coldstream, Agha Hyder, and G. C. Hilton was established on May 1st, 1930 due to the sluggishness of the legal proceedings. The tribunal had the authority to conduct the trial without the presence of the defendant, and it was a biased trial that rarely followed the standard legal rights principles.

Also Read: List of Freedom Fighters in India

Hunger Strike by Bhagat Singh

When Bhagat Singh was sent to the Central Jail Mianwali from the Delhi jail he witnessed discrimination between the Indian and European Prisoners. He considered himself as a political prisoner. He organized a hunger strike on behalf of fellow political prisoners from India who he believed were being treated like normal criminals. They wanted access to literature and a daily newspaper, as well as equality in access to food standards, clothing, toiletries, and other hygiene essentials. They contended that they shouldn’t be made to perform manual labour or any other inhumane tasks while incarcerated.

Around June 1929, the public began to support Bhagat Singh and his colleagues more due to the hunger strike. After a 63-day hunger strike, Jatindra Nath Das passed away on September 13, 1929. Nearly all of the nation’s nationalist leaders paid respects to Jatin Das. In response, Gopi Chand Bhargava and Mohammad Alam withdrew from the Punjab Legislative Council. Nehru also successfully sponsored an adjournment motion in the Central Assembly to denounce the “inhumane treatment” of the Lahore captives. Bhagat Singh finally ended the hunger strike after 116 days on October 5, 1929. During this time, Singh was well-liked outside of Punjab among ordinary Indians.

Bhagat Singh Thoughts & Opinions

Bhagat Singh’s sense of patriotism had been embedded in him since a very young age. He was raised to value nationalism and yearned for an independent India free from British rule. He developed a socialist outlook after reading a lot of European literature and developing a great desire for a democratic future for his beloved nation. Bhagat Singh was born a Sikh, but after seeing numerous Hindu-Muslim riots and other religious upheavals, he began to lean toward atheism.

Bhagat Singh thought that in order to attain something as precious as Independence, imperialism’s exploitative aspect needed to be completely eradicated. According to his opinion, only an armed revolution along the lines of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia could bring about such transformation. He coined the phrase “Inquilab Zindabad,” which eventually became the war cry of the campaign for Indian independence.

Bhagat Singh Death

On March 23, 1931, at 7:30 in the morning, Bhagat Singh and his friends Rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged at the Lahore Jail. They allegedly shouted their favourite slogans, such as “Inquilab Zindabad” and “Down with British Imperialism,” as they marched joyfully to the execution location. On the bank of the Sutlej River.

Bhagat Singh Legacy

Bhagat Singh was the perfect role model for the youth of his period because of his passionate patriotism and developed idealism. He became the voice of his generation through his criticism of the British Imperial Government in writing and speech. Numerous people have questioned his dramatic departure from Gandhi’s non-violent path to Swaraj, yet with his daring embrace of martyrdom, he encouraged hundreds of teenagers and young adults to fully engage in the freedom movement. Bhagat Singh won the title of Greatest Indian in a 2008 India Today poll, beating out Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi, demonstrating his standing in modern society.

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