Chandrayaan - 2 Analysis in English - All you need to know - India's Rover on Moon

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Table of Contents

WHAT WE WILL DISCUSS IN THIS

•What is Chandrayaan 2 all about? Why is it special?
•Have we entered the The Asian space race? Where
do China, Japan and India stand?
•What is the importance of the moon?

MOON

MOON
• Earth’s only permanent natural satellite
• The Soviet Union’s Luna program was the first to reach the
Moon with unmanned spacecraft in 1959
• Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two humans
on the Moon.
• Members – Neil A. Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin E. “Buzz” Aldrin, Jr.

12 MEN HAVE WALKED ON THE MOON

• All US astronauts from the Apollo Program missions
• Apollo 11: Neil Armstrong (NASA Civilian) and Buzz Aldrin (USAF)
• Apollo 12: Pete Conrad (US Navy) and Alan Bean (US Navy)
• Apollo 14: Alan Shepard (US Navy) and Edgar Mitchell (US Navy)
• Apollo 15: David Scott (USAF) and James Irwin (USAF)
• Apollo 16: John Young (US Navy) and Charles Duke (USAF)
• Apollo 17: Gene Cernan (US Navy) and Harrison Schmitt (NASA Civilian, Geologist)

CHANDRAYAAN-1

• It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation in October 2008, and operated until August 2009
• The estimated cost for the project was ₹386 crore
• Among its many achievements, the greatest achievement was the discovery of the widespread presence of water molecules in the lunar soil.

IS THERE WATER ON THE MOON?

• Yes, the Moon has water, although not in the liquid form
• Liquid water cannot persist at the Moon’s surface, and water vapor is decomposed by sunlight, with hydrogen quickly lost to outer space.
• However, scientists have since the 1960s conjectured that water ice could survive in cold, permanently shadowed craters at the Moon’s poles.

Chandrayaan-2

• India’s second mission to the Moon is a totally indigenous mission comprising of an Orbiter, Lander and Rover.
• After reaching the 100 km lunar orbit, the Lander housing the Rover will separate from the Orbiter.
• After a controlled descent, the Lander will soft land on the lunar surface at a specified site and deploy a Rover
NOTES
• Unlike Nasa’s Apollo and Russia’s Luna missions where the rover landed on the equatorial region of the moon, ISRO is planning to land the rover near the south pole.
• After soft-landing, the six-wheeled rover will get detached from the lander and move 100-200 metre on the moon’s surface and analyse content. It will remain active for 14 earth days (one
lunar day) and send back data and images to the Earth via the orbiter within 15 minutes

MOON ROVER
•Three countries have had rovers on the Moon: the
Soviet Union, the United States and China
• Lunokhod 1- On November 17, 1970 the Soviet Luna 17
spacecraft landed the first roving remote-controlled
robot on the Moon. Known as Lunokhod 1

YUTU (ROVER)
• Yutu is an unmanned lunar rover that formed part of the Chinese Chang’e 3 mission to the Moon.
• It was launched at 17:30 UTC on 1 December 2013, and reached the Moon’s surface on 14 December 2013.
• Mare Imbrium –

INDIA, JAPAN AND CHINA

• Two generations ago, the space race was a Cold War subplot pitting the United States against the-then Soviet Union
• Japan and India have each had lunar missions in the past.
• JAXA’s(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) lunar orbiter spacecraft Selene landed on the Moon in 2009 after successfully orbiting it for a year and eight months. India’s first Moon probe, Chandrayaan-1, was launched in 2008
NOTES
•China’s 2013 Moon rover Yutu (literally Jade Rabbit), was its third successful lunar mission.
•China National Space Administration •China in 2003 became the third country to put a
man in space with its own rocket after the former Soviet Union and the US.

ASIAN SPACE RACE

• Of the ten countries that have independently successfully launched a satellite into orbit, six are Asian: China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan and North Korea.
•Kwangmyongsong-4 is an earth observation satellite launched by North Korea on 7 February 2016.

SPACE AND UPPER ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH COMMISSION

• The Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission SUPARCO) is an executive and bureaucratic space agency of the Government of Pakistan
• PakSat-1R is an advanced geosynchronous and communications satellite that was manufactured by China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC) and operated by the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (Suparco), an executive space authority of the government of Pakistan.

INDIA’S ISRO AND JAPAN’S JAXA

•There are many lessons that Japan can offer India, such as its success with public-private collaboration in the space launch and exploration sector: for nearly two decades, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has been the primary manufacturer and operator of JAXA’s expendable launch system.

1967 UN TREATY

• Among its principles, it bars states party to the treaty from placing weapons of mass destruction in orbit of Earth, installing them on the Moon or any other celestial body, or otherwise stationing them in outer space.