Table of Contents
COASTAL REGULATION ZONE
WHY NEED FOR COASTAL REGULATION
• Coast are fragile—act as ecotone—transition area between sea and land.
• Mangroves , coral reefs- salt marshes,
estuaries, lagoon
• These ecosystem interact with each other— make the biodiversity of coastal area unique.
• Mangroves and coral reefs have high fishing potential.
• Mangroves—cyclones-tsunami
• Support small scale fisheries and salt making
• Products like fish ,minerals, oil and salt.
• Ports ,oil PIPELINES can be set up
• Natural beauty—setting hotel and resorts
• Demand for beach facing houses is also on rise.
• Setting of trade centers for example china
• Niti aayog action plan— proposed for coastal
employment regulation zone.
• Population density—avg Indian land area—324/ km sq- coastal area about 500/km sq
• Indian coast support the survival of about 10 million fisher folk.
• About 3200 marine fishes villages in india.
• Salt making is carried out
• Estuaries –support the livelihood of CALM collector.
• Ports, tourism projects, oil pipelines, Real estate,SEZs
• Marine protected area for the conservation of coastal biodiversity .Marine protected area like
Gahirmatha beach, Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar.
•Conflict witness— development, livelihood, conservation
• CRZ NOTIFICATION MEANT TO REGULATE THE USE OF COASTAL SPACE—AMONG COMPETING INDUSTRY, COMMUNITY, PUBLIC USE ALONG WITH MAINTAIN
COASTAL ECOLOGY.
• ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT 1986 PROVIDES FOR PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT AND
PREVENTING POLLUTION.
• USING THIS –CRZ NOTIFICATION 1991 THAN SUPERSEDED BY CRZ NOTIFICATION 2011..AND NOW DRAFT CRZ NOTIFICATION 2018.
OBJECTIVES OF COASTAL REGULATION
• To conserve and protect coastal stretches.
• To ensure livelihood security to the fishing & local communities living in the coastal areas.
• To promote development in a sustainable manner based on scientific principles, taking into account natural hazards and sea level rise.
TIDE
• a tide just after a new or full moon, when there is the greatest difference between high and low water.
WHAT IS HIGH TIDE LINE?
WHAT IS COASTAL REGULATION?
• Coastal Regulation Zone Notification defined the Coastal Regulation Zone or
CRZ as coastal land up to 500m from the High Tide Line and a range of 100m along
banks of creeks, estuaries, backwaters and rivers subject to tidal fluctuations is
CRZ.
CRZ-I category
1) Ecologically sensitive areas and the morphological features that play a primary role in maintaining the integrity of the coast.
• Mangroves, Corals and coral reefs;
• Sand Dunes, Mudflats which are biologically active;
• National parks and other protected areas including Biosphere Reserves encompassing;
• Salt Marshes;
• Turtle nesting grounds;
• Horse shoe crabs habitats;
• Sea grass beds;
• Nesting grounds of birds;
• Areas or structures of archaeological importance and heritage sites.
The area between Low Tide Line and High Tide Line.
• Activities permissible in CRZ-I
1) No new construction shall be permitted in CRZ-I except
• Projects relating to the Department of Atomic Energy;
• Construction of trans-harbor sea link and roads without affecting
the tidal flow of water, between LTL and HTL. Etc.
2) Between Low Tide Line and High Tide Line in areas which are not ecologically sensitive, the following may be permitted.
• Exploration and extraction of natural gas;
• Construction of basic amenities like schools, roads, etc. for traditional inhabitants living within the biosphere reserves.
• Salt harvesting by solar evaporation of seawater.
CRZ-II category
• Areas which are developed up to to the shoreline and falling within municipal limits.
Activities permissible in CRZ-II
• Buildings are permissible on the landward side of the hazardous line.
• Some construction is permitted only as per guidelines specified by the notification.
CRZ-III category
• Areas that are relatively undisturbed and do not fall under either in Category I or II and also include rural and urban areas that are not substantially developed.
• Between 0-200 meters from HTL is a No Development Zone where no construction shall be
permitted.
• Only certain activities relating to agriculture, forestry, projects of Department of Atomic Energy, mining of rare minerals, salt manufacture, reclassification of petroleum products, non-conventional.
energy sources and certain public facilities may be permitted in this zone.
• Between 200-500 meters of HTL, those permitted in 0-200 metres zone, construction of houses for local communities and tourism projects are permissible
CRZ-IV category
• The aquatic area from low tide line up to territorial limits is classified as CRZ-IV
including the area of the tidal influenced water body.
Activities permissible in CRZ-IV
• There is no restriction on the traditional fishing undertaken by local
communities.
• No untreated sewage or solid waste shall be let off or dumped in these areas.
Classification of coastal zones under CZR Notification 2011
• CRZ-I (ecologically sensitive areas likes mangroves, coral reefs, biosphere reserves etc.),
• CRZ-II (built-up area – villages and towns are that are already well established),
• CRZ-III (Rural and urban areas that are not substantially developed), and
• CRZ-IV (water areas up to the territorial waters and the tidal influenced water bodies).
• A separate draft Island Protection Zone Notification has been issued for protection of the islands of Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
• The CRZ notification 2011 enshrines that concept of a Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP). It will be prepared with the fullest involvement and participation of local communities.
What is the definition of the No development Zone?
• The “no development zone” definition has been changed. It is reduced from 200 meters from the high-tide line to 100 meters only. This has been done to meet increased demands of housing of fishing and other traditional coastal communities.
INSTITUTION FOR CRZ REGULATION
CZMA
SCZMA
DCZMA
Sailesh Nayak Committee:
• The Sailesh Nayak Committee was formed with an objective to review the issues relating to Coastal regulation zone 2011.
• The CRZ Regulations amended in 2011 had dissatisfied a lot of States.
• The CRZ notification 2011 enshrined the concept of a Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP).
• It was to be prepared with the fullest involvement and participation of local communities.
• The committee acknowledged the discrepancy in baseline data demarcating the High Tide Line, the Low Tide Line and the coastal zone boundary which has created difficulties in preparing Coastal Zone Management Plan.
• The Committee proposed changing the definition of No Development Zone. It is reduced from 200 meters from the high tide line to 100 meters only. This has been done to meet increased
demands of housing of fishing and other traditional coastal communities.
• Weaken regulation – It recommends that except for activities covered under environmental clearances, the state governments along with the local authorities should be left in charge of managing coasts in towns, rural areas as well as the waters up to 12 nautical
miles. These relaxations are only for activities not covered under Environment Impact Assessment Notification 2006.
• Construction and other activities could be taken up in CRZIII (rural areas) zone just 50m from the HTL in densely populated rural areas under state norms with the responsibility to rescue and rehabilitate during disasters left to local authorities.
• The Committee proposed new, lightly regulated tourism in the No Development Zone.
• States to determine the Floor Area ratio rather than center under Coastal regulation Zone.
.
• States are permitted, if they want to redevelop and rehabilitate slums in coastal zone.
ANALYSIS
• India’s 7500km long coast line, home to over 171 million people, is under threat and the government machinery meant to manage it is in disarray.
• The coastal zone management authorities (CZMA’s) at the national and state level are orphaned bodies with no financial support,.
• They are packed with ex-official bureaucrats from various departments with limited expertise. Their meetings are spent in discussing project applications.
• They clear 80% of projects but never go back to monitor or check violations. They don’t have maps with requisite details. They have not even marked out the high tide line.
• There are threats from unregulated construction, discharge of untreated effluents
and sewage, destruction of mangroves, deterioration of critical ecosystems such as
estuaries, saltpans, coral reefs, etc and coastal erosion.
DRAFT CRZ NOTIFICATION 2018
• The draft makes the National Center for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM) the final authority to lay down standards for High Tide Line (HTL). Earlier the demarcation was carried out by one of the agencies authorized by MoEF, on recommendations of the NCSCM.
• The hazard line, which was demarcated by the Survey of India (SOI), has been delinked from the CRZ regulatory regime, and will now be used as a “tool” for disaster management and planning of “adaptive and mitigation measures.”
• CRZ limits on land along the tidal influenced water bodies has been proposed to be reduced from 100 meters or the width of the creek, whichever is less, to 50 meters or the width of the creek, whichever is less.
• A No Development Zone (NDZ) of 20 meters has been proposed to be stipulated for all Islands close to the main land coast and for all Backwater Islands in the main land.
For CRZ-III areas, two separate categories have been proposed.
• CRZ-III A – Densely populated rural areas with a population density of 2161 per square kilometer as per 2011 Census. Such areas shall have an NDZ of 50 meters from the
HTL as against 200 meters from the HTL stipulated in the CRZ Notification, 2011.
• CRZ-III B – Rural areas with population density of below 2161 per square kilometer as per 2011 Census. Such areas shall continue to have an NDZ of 200 meters from the HTL.
• Temporary tourism facilities such as shacks, toilet blocks, change rooms, drinking water
facilities etc. have been proposed in Beaches. Such temporary tourism facilities are also
proposed to be permissible in the No, Development Zone (NDZ) of the CRZ-III areas.
• The Center has allowed India’s coasts to be made more accessible to tourism and industrial
infrastructure and given individual States considerable leeway to decide how they should plan
such development.
• A major change in the new draft pertains to the CRZ limits on land along “tidal influenced water bodies”. The proposed limit has been reduced from 100 meters to 50 metres or the width of the creek, whichever is less.
• The 2018 notification takes away the protection that the hazard line could provide; instead, it merely states that the hazard line should be used as a tool for disaster management. This means that one can build in these areas after preparing an environment assessment
report stating that certain precautions have been considered,”.
• Only those projects located in CRZ-I (environmentally most critical) and CRZ-IV (water and seabed areas) shall require MoEF clearance. All other projects shall be considered by
Coastal Zone Management Authorities (CZMAs) in the states and union territories.
• The draft also allows for construction of roads and roads on stilts, “by way of reclamation in CRZ-1 areas”, only in exceptional cases for “defense, strategic purposes and public
utilities,” to be recommended by the CZMA and approved by
the Ministry.
• it notes that in cases where roads are constructed through mangroves or are likely to damage the latter, “a minimum three times the mangrove area affected/ destroyed/ cut during the construction shall be taken up for compensatory plantation.”
• the draft empowers CZMAs at the state-level, which is responsible for the Coastal Zone Management Plans (CZMPs).
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