Daily Quiz 9 September 2023

Explanation:

• Option (1) is correct: Like trees in a forest, Kelps (giant brown algae) also experience seasonal changes. Storms and large weather events, like El Niño, can tear and dislodge the kelp, leaving a tattered winter forest to begin its growth again each spring.
• Option (2) is incorrect: Kelps usually grow in cooler waters. Kelp forests can be seen along much of the west coast of North America. They grow in dense groupings much like a forest on land.
• Option (3) is correct: The dense canopies of Kelps generally occur in cold, nutrient-rich waters. Because of their dependency upon light for photosynthesis, kelp forests form in shallow open waters and are rarely found deeper than 49-131 feet.
• Option (4) is correct: Kelp forests can be seen along much of the west coast of North America. Kelp are large brown algae that live in cool, relatively shallow waters close to the shore. They grow in dense groupings much like a forest on land. These underwater towers of kelp provide food and shelter for thousands of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammal species.

Explanation:

Under the draft guidelines, the Ministry of Consumer Affairs has identified ten types of dark patterns being used by e-commerce companies:

• Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: Bait & Switch: Advertising a certain product/ service but delivering another, often of lower quality.
• False Urgency: Creates a sense of urgency or scarcity to pressure consumers into making a purchase or taking an action.
• Basket Sneaking: Dark patterns are used to add additional products or services to the shopping cart without the user’s consent.
• Pair 2 is correctly matched: Confirm Shaming: Uses guilt to make consumers adhere; criticizes or attacks consumers for not conforming to a particular belief or viewpoint.
• Forced Action: Pushes consumers into taking an action they may not want to take, such as signing up for a service in order to access content.
• Nagging: Persistent criticism, complaints, and requests for action.
• Subscription traps: Easy to sign up for a service but difficult to quit or cancel; option is hidden or requires multiple steps.
• Pair 3 is correctly matched: Drip pricing: Means a practice whereby-elements of prices are not revealed upfront or are revealed surreptitiously within the user experience; and/or other such practices.
• Disguised advertisements: Designed to look like content, such as news articles or user-generated content.
• Pair 4 is incorrectly matched: Interface Interference: This tactic involves making it difficult for consumers to take certain actions, such as canceling a subscription or deleting an account.

Explanation:

There’s a 50-80 per cent chance that marine heatwaves affecting oceans globally will extend till February 2024, according to a research by World Meteorological Organization.

• Statement 1 is correct: The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a climate phenomenon characterized by fluctuations in the atmospheric pressure difference between the subtropical high-pressure system near the Azores and the subpolar low-pressure system near Iceland and Greenland in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is a key driver of weather and climate variability in the North Atlantic region, including Europe and North America. During the positive phase of the NAO, the pressure difference between the Azores High and the Icelandic Low is stronger than usual. In the negative phase of the NAO, the pressure difference between the Azores High and the Icelandic Low weakens.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: Marine Heat Wave is an extreme weather event. It occurs when the surface temperature of a particular region of the sea rises to 3 or 4 degree Celsius above the average temperature for at least five days. MHWs can last for weeks, months or even years, according to the US government’s agency National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), MHWs have increased by 50% over the past decade and now last longer and are more severe.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: The I-CRR, which was introduced as a temporary measure to manage surplus liquidity, required scheduled banks to maintain a 10 percent reserve on the increase in their net demand and time liabilities (NDTL) between May 19, 2023, and July 28, 2023. The measure was implemented to absorb excess liquidity generated by various factors, notably the return of Rs 2,000 notes to the banking system. While 25% of the I-CRR maintained would be released on September 9, another 25% would be released on September 23 and the balance would be released on October 7.
• Statement 2 is correct: Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced its decision to discontinue the Incremental Cash Reserve Ratio (I-CRR) in a phased manner. This decision comes after a careful assessment of current and evolving liquidity conditions in the financial market.

Explanation:

Recently a conference on “Transnational Grid Interconnections for One Sun, One World, One Grid (OSOWOG)” was held in New Delhi.

• Option (3) is correct: The idea for the One Sun One World One Grid (OSOWOG) initiative was put forth by the Prime Minister of India at the First Assembly of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) in 2018. It was jointly launched by the Prime Minister of India and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the ‘Accelerating Innovation and Clean Technology Deployment’ event at the World Leaders Summit held on 2 November 2021 during COP26. It aims to help in reducing storage needs and enhancing the viability of solar projects. Its ultimate goal is to reduce carbon footprints and energy costs.