Daily Quiz for UPSC Prelims Exam 2023 | 28th July, 2022 – UPSC 2023

Q.) Consider the following statement regarding ECI:

The appointment of the chief election commissioner and other election commissioners shall be made by the president.
The election commission of India is not concerned with the elections to panchayats and municipalities in the states.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

ईसीआई के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

मुख्य चुनाव आयुक्त और अन्य चुनाव आयुक्तों की नियुक्ति राष्ट्रपति द्वारा की जाएगी।
भारत के चुनाव आयोग का पंचायतों और नगर पालिकाओं के चुनावों से कोई सरोकार नहीं है।

उपरोक्त में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

केवल 1
केवल 2
दोनों 1 और 2
न तो 1 और न ही 2

The Election Commission is a permanent and an independent body established by the Constitution of India directly to ensure free and fair elections in the country.
Article 324 of the Constitution provides that the power of superintendence, direction and control of elections to parliament, state legislatures, the office of president of India and the office of vice-president of India shall be vested in the election commission.
Thus, the Election Commission is an all-India body in the sense that it is common to both the Central government and the state governments.
It must be noted here that the election commission is not concerned with the elections to panchayats and municipalities in the states. For this, the Constitution of India provides for a separate State Election Commission.
Article 324 of the Constitution has made the following provisions with regard to the composition of election commission:

The Election Commission shall consist of the chief election commissioner and such number of other election commissioners, if any, as the president may from time to time fix.
The appointment of the chief election commissioner and other election commissioners shall be made by the president.
When any other election commissioner is so appointed, the chief election commissioner shall act as the chairman of the election commission.

Q.) The IUCN status of Light-mantled Albatross is:

Critically Endangered
Vulnerable
Near Threatened
Endangered

Q.) लाइट–मेंटेड अल्बाट्रॉस की IUCN स्थिति है:

गंभीर रूप से संकटग्रस्त
असुरक्षित
संकटापन्न
विलुप्त होने के कगार पर

Rameswaram and adjoining islets of the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park on the Adam’s Bridge (Ram Setu) are known for their unique marine ecosystem.
But the region grabbed the attention of international researchers as Asia’s first sighting of Light-mantled Albatross (Phoebetria palpebrate), a species native to the Antarctic seas, was recorded here.
The sighting, ‘First Asian record of Light-mantled Albatross Phoebetria palpebrata (Foster, 1785) from Rameswaram Island, Tamil Nadu, India’, has been published in the Journal of Threatened Taxa, and researchers are looking for more insights into what is regarded as a surprising transcontinental tour of the Antarctic seabird.
It breeds on several sub-Antarctic islands, such as Macquarie Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Australia), South Georgia Island (British Overseas Territory), Prince Edward Islands (South Africa), Iles Kerguelen and Iles Crozet (France), and Auckland, Campbell, and Antipodes Islands (New Zealand).
Listed as a ‘Near Threatened’ species by the ICUN, Light-mantled Albatross has a worldwide population of 21,600 breeding pairs, according to an estimate in 1998.

Q.) Consider the following statements in respect of CJI

He/She holds office until he attains the age of 65 years.
He/she can resign his office by writing to the prime minister.
The Constitution has fixed the tenure of a judge of the Supreme Court.

Which of the above statements are correct?

1 only
3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3

Q.) CJI के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

वह 65 वर्ष की आयु प्राप्त करने तक पद धारण करता है।
वह प्रधानमंत्री को पत्र लिखकर अपने पद से इस्तीफा दे सकता है।
संविधान ने सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के एक न्यायाधीश का कार्यकाल निश्चित किया है।

उपरोक्त में से कौन से कथन सही हैं?

केवल 1
केवल 3
केवल 1 और 3
1, 2 और 3

The Constitution has not fixed the tenure of a judge of the Supreme Court.
However, it makes the following three provisions in this regard:

He holds office until he attains the age of 65 years. Any question regarding his age is to be determined by such authority and in such manner as provided by Parliament.
He can resign his office by writing to the president.
He can be removed from his office by the President on the recommendation of the Parliament.

Q.) Consider the following statement regarding GDP:

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.
The most recent series’ base year was changed from 2004-05 to 2016-17.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Q.) जीडीपी के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

सकल घरेलू उत्पाद (जीडीपी) एक विशिष्ट समय अवधि में देश की सीमाओं के भीतर उत्पादित सभी तैयार वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का कुल मौद्रिक या बाजार मूल्य है।
सबसे हालिया श्रृंखला का आधार वर्ष 2004-05 से बदलकर 2016-17 किया गया था।

उपरोक्त में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

केवल 1
केवल 2
दोनों 1 और 2
न तो 1 और न ही 2

GDP is simply the sum of the final prices of goods and services produced in an economy over a specific time period.
GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product, which is a measure of the worth of a country’s economic activities.
The most recent series’ base year was changed from 2004-05 to 2011-12, and for the organised private sector, a new data series, MCA-21, was used.
GDP = private consumption + gross investment + government investment + government spending + (exports-imports)

Q.) Iran does not shares its border with

Pakistan
Afghanistan
Iraq
Jordan

Q.) ईरान के साथ अपनी सीमा साझा नहीं करता है

पाकिस्तान
अफ़ग़ानिस्तान
इराक
जॉर्डन

Q.) Consider the following statements about Chilika lake:

It is one of the largest fresh water lakes in Asia.
It is famous for the phumdis floating over it.
It was the first Indian site to be placed on Montreux Record.

Which of the above statements are correct?

1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
3 Only

Q.) चिल्का झील के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

यह एशिया की सबसे बड़ी ताजे पानी की झीलों में से एक है।
यह अपने ऊपर तैरती फुमदी के लिए प्रसिद्ध है।
यह मॉन्ट्रो रिकॉर्ड में दर्ज होने वाली पहली भारतीय साइट थी।

उपरोक्त में से कौन से कथन सही हैं?

केवल 1
केवल 2 और 3
केवल 1 और 3
3 केवल

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

S3: It was the first Indian site to be placed on Montreux Record in 1993. In 2002, Chilika was taken out of the Montreux Record, in light of the improved conditions of the lake.
S1: The Chilika lake in Odisha, Asia’s largest brackish water lake, was once part of the Bay of Bengal.
S2: Loktak lake is famous for the phumdis (heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil and organic matter at various stages of decomposition) floating over it.

Q.) Consider the following statements regarding European Bank for Reconstruction & Development (EBRD)

It was established to help build a new, post-World War 2 era in Central and Eastern Europe.
US is the biggest shareholder of EBRD.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Q.) पुनर्निर्माण और विकास के लिए यूरोपीय बैंक (EBRD) के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें

यह मध्य और पूर्वी यूरोप में द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के बाद के युग के निर्माण में मदद करने के लिए स्थापित किया गया था।
यूएस ईबीआरडी का सबसे बड़ा शेयरधारक है।

उपरोक्त में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

केवल 1
केवल 2
दोनों 1 और 2
न तो 1 और न ही 2

Ans: (b)

Explanation: European Bank for Reconstruction & Development (EBRD)

international financial institution
founded in 1991
headquarter — London
uses investment as a tool to build market economies
established to help build a new, post-Cold War era in Central and Eastern Europe
Objectives
- furthering progress towards market-oriented economies
- promotion of private and entrepreneurial initiative
EBRD’s unique mandate
- Uniquely for a development bank, the EBRD has a political mandate in that it assists only those countries ‘committed to and applying the principles of multi-party democracy [and] pluralism
- US is the biggest shareholder
- Besides Europe, member countries of the EBRD are also from other continents – North America (Canada and US), Africa (Morocco), Asia (Japan, China, South Korea) and Australia.

Q.) Objective of Azadi se Antyodaya Campaign is :

To Make India 5 Trillion Economy
To Make India Toy Hub
Education to Tribal Children’s.
Aims to reach out to the benefit schemes of the Central Ministries to the lowest level of the people in 75 districts of 28 States and Union Territories.

Q.) आजादी से अंत्योदय अभियान का उद्देश्य है:

भारत को 5 ट्रिलियन अर्थव्यवस्था बनाने के लिए
टू मेक इंडिया टॉय हब
आदिवासी बच्चों को शिक्षा।
28 राज्यों और केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों के 75 जिलों में लोगों के निम्नतम स्तर तक केंद्रीय मंत्रालयों की लाभ योजनाओं तक पहुंचने का लक्ष्य।

90-day Azadi Se Antodaya Tak campaign.
The campaign was launched on April 28 by the Union government to improve enrolment in several schemes across Ministries in 75 districts identified for their connection with freedom fighters as a part of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav.
The campaign, led by the Rural Development Ministry, was supposed to wrap up on July 28, but could be extended till August 15, according to sources.

Q.) Consider the following statements:

The 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India introduced an Article placing the election of the Prime Minister beyond judicial review.
The Supreme Court of India struck down the 99th Amendment to the Constitution of India as being violative of the independence of judiciary.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Q.) निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

भारत के संविधान में 44वें संशोधन ने प्रधान मंत्री के चुनाव को न्यायिक समीक्षा से परे रखने वाला एक अनुच्छेद पेश किया।
भारत के सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने न्यायपालिका की स्वतंत्रता के उल्लंघन के रूप में भारत के संविधान में 99 वें संशोधन को रद्द कर दिया।

ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन–सा/से सही है/हैं?

केवल 1
केवल 2
दोनों 1 और 2
न तो 1 और न ही 2

Answer: B

The 44th amendment of the Indian Constitution was significant as it removed partially the distortions that were introduced into the Constitution by 42^nd constitutional amendment.
But it had no Proposal of an Article placing the election of the Prime Minister beyond judicial review.
A five judge Bench in the NJAC case, in a majority of 4:1 rejected the NJAC Act brought in by the 99th constitutional amendment by stating it as ―unconstitutional and void.
Justice Kehar stated that the expectation from the judiciary, to safeguard the rights of the citizens of this country, can only be ensured, by keeping it absolutely insulated and independent, from the other organs of governance and the Proposed NJAC violated the Independence of the Judiciary.

Q.) Which of the following best defines the term ‘State’?

(a) A community of persons permanently occupying a definite territory independent of external control and possessing an organized government.
(b) A politically organized people of a definite territory and possessing an authority to govern them, maintain law and order, protect their natural rights and safeguard their means of sustenance.
(c) A number of persons who have been living in a definite territory for a very long time with their own culture, tradition and government.
(d) A society permanently living in a definite territory with a central authority, an executive responsible to the central authority and an independent judiciary.

Q.) निम्नलिखित में से कौन ‘राज्य‘ शब्द को सबसे अच्छी तरह परिभाषित करता है?

(a) बाहरी नियंत्रण से स्वतंत्र और एक संगठित सरकार रखने वाले एक निश्चित क्षेत्र पर स्थायी रूप से कब्जा करने वाले व्यक्तियों का एक समुदाय।
(b) एक निश्चित क्षेत्र के एक राजनीतिक रूप से संगठित लोग और उन पर शासन करने, कानून और व्यवस्था बनाए रखने, अपने प्राकृतिक अधिकारों की रक्षा करने और अपने जीविका के साधनों की रक्षा करने का अधिकार रखते हैं।
(c) बहुत से व्यक्ति जो एक निश्चित क्षेत्र में बहुत लंबे समय से अपनी संस्कृति, परंपरा और सरकार के साथ रह रहे हैं।
(d) एक केंद्रीय प्राधिकरण के साथ एक निश्चित क्षेत्र में स्थायी रूप से रहने वाला एक समाज, केंद्रीय प्राधिकरण और एक स्वतंत्र न्यायपालिका के लिए जिम्मेदार एक कार्यकारी।

Answer:

Explanation:

As used in political science, the word state means a community or society politically organized under one independent government within a definite territory and subject to no outside control. The essential attributes of a state are: