Table of Contents
What is Human Development Report (HDR)?
- About: It is an annual report published by the Human Development Report Office of the UNDP.
- Progress: The first Human Development Report was launched in 1990 by the Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen and Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq. Since then reports have been released most years, and have explored different themes through the human development approach.
- Theme of Human Development Report 2021-22: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a World in Transformation.
Human Development Report Different From Previous Reports?
India’s Performance In The Human Development Report 2021-22
The Human Development Report for 2022 details six different human development indices. India’s performance on these indices are:
Human Development Index (HDI)
About the Index:
- Human Development Index measures progress on three key dimensions of human development – a long and healthy life, access to education, and a decent standard of living.
India’s Performance
- India is ranked 132 out of 191
- India’s score of 0.633 is a long way away from the top-ranking scores — Switzerland is ranked 1 with a score of 0.962 — India’s score is also below the global average of 0.732.
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)
About the Index
- The IHDI value can be interpreted as the level of human development when inequality is accounted for. It shows how the development is distributed among the residents of a country.
India’s Performance
- The report found that India’s Human Development Index falls by 25%, when adjusted for inequality. It is higher than the global average of 19%.
- That’s because the share of income held by the richest 1% of the population is more than the income held by the poorest 40%.
Gender Development Index (GDI)
About the Index
- The GDI essentially estimates Human Development Index values for women and men and then looks at the ratio.
- The closer this ratio is to 1, the smaller the gender gap between women and men in Human Development Index terms.
India’s Performance
- India’s GDI stands at 0.849 which is significantly behind the world average of 0.958.
- From India’s perspective, the key Human Development Index metric where women seem to lag behind men the most is the income per capita.
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
About the Index
India’s Performance
- India’s GII stands at 0.490 which is slightly below the world average of 0.465.
- India’s performance is far below than China whose GII value is 0.192.
Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
About the Index
India’s Performance
Planetary pressures-adjusted Human Development Index (PHDI)
About the Index
- PHDI adjusts the Human Development Index for planetary pressures in the Anthropocene to reflect a concern for intergenerational inequality.
- The PHDI value can be interpreted as the level of human development adjusted by CO2 emissions per person (production-based) and material footprint per person to account for excessive human pressure on the planet.
India’s Performance
- India’s PHDI is much closer to the PHDIs of other countries. That’s because India’s PHDI falls far less (vis a vis India’s Human Development Index) than other countries.
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