Table of Contents
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES?
A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas.
KAZAKHSTAN
• Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan
• Kazakhstan is a member of the United Nations, WTO, CIS, the Eurasian Economic Union, CSTO, SCO, OSCE, OIC, and TURKSOY.
CIS – Commonwealth of Independent States
CSTO – Collective Security Treaty Organization
OSCE – Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
TURKSOY – International Organization of Turkic Culture
COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY ORGANIZATION
• An intergovernmental military alliance that was signed on 15 May 1992
UKATNY ISLAND
• Ukatnyy or Ukatny is an island in the northern Caspian Sea. It is located off the eastern end of the mouths of the Volga
•According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region
VOZROZHDENIYA ISLAND
• The former island’s territory is split between Uzbekistan and
Kazakhstan. In 1954, the Soviet Union constructed a biological
weapons test site called Aralsk-7 there and on the neighboring
Komsomolskiy Island
• Aral Sea – The shrinking of the Aral Sea has been called “one of
the planet’s worst environmental disasters”
BAIKONUR COSMODROME
• Baikonur Cosmodrome is the world’s first and largest operational space launch facility. The spaceport is located in the desert steppe of Baikonur, about 200 kilometres (124 mi) east of the Aral Sea and north of the river Syr Darya.
• The spaceport is currently leased by the Kazakh Government to Russia until 2050, and is managed jointly by the Roscosmos State Corporation and the Russian Aerospace Forces.
NOTES
• Both Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, and Vostok 1, the first human spaceflight, were launched from Baikonur. The launch pad used for both missions was renamed Gagarin’s Start in honor of Russian Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, pilot of Vostok 1 and first human in space.
IAEA OPENS WORLD’S FIRST LOW ENRICHED URANIUM BANK IN KAZAKHSTAN
MAJOR RIVERS OF KAZAKHSTAN
• Turgai – Located in the TurgaiValley of Kazakhstan is The Turgai River with an average water flow of about nine cubic meters per second and drains its water into the endorheic basin.
• Irtyish – The Irtysh is a river which is also the main tributary of the Ob River which passes through Russia, China, and Kazakhstan.
• Ishim – The Ishim River passes through both Kazakhstan and Russia. The Ishim River is a tributary of the Irtysh River and is slightly navigable.
ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN
•The economy of Kazakhstan is the largest economy in Central Asia.
• GDP – Increase$461 billion (PPP, 2016)
•Increase$218billion (nominal, 2016)
INDIA-KAZAKHSTAN RELATIONS
• Prabal Dostyk 2017 – Joint military exercise between India and
Kazakhstan concluded
• The exercise was held in cantonment town of Bakloh in Himachal Pradesh
• Prabal Dostyk which means “Robust Friendship,” began in 2016.
The first edition of the exercise took place in Karaganda, Kazakhstan.
HIGHLIGHTS OF INDIA- KAZAKHSTAN RELATIONS
After the independence of Kazakhstan from erstwhile USSR, India was one of the first nations
to recognize Kazakhstan as an independent state. Diplomatic relations were established in February 1992.
• Kazakhstan is India largest trading partner in Central Asia. Bilateral trade during April-Dec 2015 stood at US$ 412.39 million.
• The exports from India to Kazakhstan during this period amounted to US$ 113.16 million and exports from Kazakhstan to India were US$ 299.23 million. Major products exported to
• Kazakhstanare pharmaceuticals and medical products, tea, machinery & equipment and raw tobacco. Major products imported by India are oil, uranium, asbestos and titanium.
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