Table of Contents
The News
Other facts for Prelims
The News
Background
- Objective of Kasturirangan report – To balance the concern of development and Environment protection.
Eco – sensitive zones
- Also referred to as “Economically Fragile areas”.
- Regions around Protected area, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuary are categorised as Eco – Sensitive zones.
- Region can go up to 10 km (beyond 10 km in sensitive corridor)
- Notified – by Ministry of Environment, forest and climate change.
- Objective – Create a kind of Buffer Zone / Shock Observer around Protected area by regulating + managing activity around the area.
The News
- Ganga Connect is a “global exhibition” + an “Outreach Programme”.
- By – National Mission for Clean Ganga + High Commission of India + C-Ganga
- C-Ganga – Centre for Ganga River Basin Management and Studies.
- This was the 1st Ganga connect and took place throughout UK.
Facts for Prelims
The News
Mitigation and Adaptation
Mitigation
- Coal – 1st time mention of Coal in any CoP decision
- Phase out coal / Phase down coal
Adaptation
- 2-year programme to define ‘global goal on adaptation’.
- Mitigation target of 2°C exists but, a similar global goal on adaptation has been missing
Finance
- Definition
- Reason
- Developed countries should double the money being provided for adaptation by 2025 (Base Year – 2019).
- Initiated discussion on setting up new target for climate finance beyond 100 billion dollars post – 2025 period.
- CARBON MARKET
- Definition – Carbon markets allow countries, or industries, to earn carbon credits for the emission reductions. These can later be traded.
- Decision taken on ‘validity of Carbon credits’ – Glasgow summit allowed these carbon credits to be used ‘only’ for meeting countries’ 1st NDC targets (i.e., until 2025, not subsequent ones).
- Provided relief for Developing countries like India who have large amounts of unused ‘carbon credits’.
- Reason – Lack of demand from developed nations as many countries abandoned their emission reduction targets. –
The News
- On November 9, 2021 – A global coalition of 10 organisations launched the Global Resilience Index Initiative (GRII).
- Recently, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Emission Gap report had been published.
Key Finding
Global Greenhouse Gas
- 2020 – Witnessed a drop in Greenhouse Gas concentration by 5.4 %
- Present Situation – Concentration are back to Pre – covid level and rising.
Performance of G 20 countries – (INDC)
- On – Track to achieve INDC – 10 countries (India)
- Off – Track to achieve INDC – 7 Countries
Net Zero emission –
- Meaning – It means cutting greenhouse gas emissions to as close to zero as possible, with any remaining emissions re-absorbed from the atmosphere, by oceans and forests.
- Net zero emission pledged by 50 nations are long term. There is a need to back them up with near term targets.
Global Warming –
- Predicts estimated Global warming –
- 7°C – If all unconditional 2030 pledges are fully implemented.
- 6°C – If all conditional pledges are also implemented.
- 2°C. – If in addition Net zero pledges are also implemented.
Findings on reduction of emissions
- Achieve Net zero emission Targets
- Reduce Methane emission from fossil fuel, waste and agricultural sector.
- Using Carbon Markets by clearly defining rules and targeting actual reduction in emission.
The News
- Recently, over 100 countries signed the Kunming declaration on biodiversity.
Convention on biological diversity
- Legally binding treaty
- Objective
- Supplementary agreements 1) Cartagena protocol 2) Nagoya Protocol
- USA – Only UN member state which has not ratified the convention.
- 30 by 30 target
The News
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