Lakshya UPSC PT 2022 – International Relation Lecture 1 Complete 1 year current affairs – Free PDF

Topic 1- China’s New Sea-Road-  Rail Link to Indian Ocean

Named China-Myanmar New  Passage.

• Link western China with the Indian Ocean”.
• The new trade corridor passage connects Chengdu (China)  with Yangon (Myanmar).
• It connects the logistics lines of Singapore, Myanmar, and China.

Topic 1- China’s New Sea-Road-Rail Link to Indian Ocean

Key Points

• China also has plans to develop another port in Kyaukphyu in the Rakhine state, Myanmar.
• China plans to develop this region in Myanmar as a ‘border economic cooperation zone’ under the Belt and Road  Initiative.
• This trade corridor is another direct Chinese outlet to the Indian ocean.
  • The first one being at the Gwadar port in Pakistan.

Topic 1- China’s New Sea-Road-Rail Link to Indian Ocean

• This trade route is also China’s alternative to the “Malacca  Dilemma”.
• Malacca Dilemma is a word coined in 2003, by the then Chinese President Hu Jintao.
• Since most of China’s oil imports pass through the Straits of Malacca, a maritime blockade here could paralyze China’s economy.

Topic 2- Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement  (CEPA)

• Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) was recently signed between India and the  United Arab Emirates (UAE).
• It is India’s first bilateral trade agreement in the
• Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
• One of the primary objectives is increasing the bilateral non-oil trade to US$ 100 billion in the next  five years. Currently, the trade between the two  countries is US$ 60 billion.
• The UAE is India’s third largest trade partner after the USA and China and the second largest export  destination

Topic 3- AUKUS Grouping

• The S., U.K. and Australia announced a new trilateral security partnership for the Indo-Pacific region named ‘AUKUS’

Features

• Under it, the U.S., the U.K will help Australia deploy nuclear- powered submarines in the Pacific region.
• Advancing strategic interests in the Indo-Pacific region.
• Quad is not a security grouping, so the AUKUS brings a security adjunct to the Quad.
• The three countries are already sharing extensive intelligence through the Five Eyes alliance.

Five Eyes Alliance

• The Five Eyes is an intelligence alliance comprising Australia,  Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
• It is an intelligence-sharing arrangement.
• The alliance was created during the Cold War (1946-1991).

Topic 4- India-ASEAN Connectivity Partnerships

• India currently is working with ASEAN on multiple connectivity projects, through land, water, and air.
• Actively developing infrastructure in North-eastern India.

India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway

• First proposed in 2002.
  • It will connect Moreh, India with Mae Sot, Thailand via Myanmar.
  • Also India, Myanmar, and Thailand Motor Vehicles Agreement (IMT MVA) is in the final stage.
  • The Trilateral Highway can be extended to Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.

Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project (KMMTTP)

• To develop connectivity through water.
• Initiated by the Indian government in 2008 and is entirely funded by
• Connects Kolkata in India to Sittwe and Paletwa in Myanmar by sea and river respectively.
• Alternative route through Myanmar for the transportation of goods to the northeast region of India.

Mekong-India Economic Corridor (MIEC)

• Involves the integration of four Mekong countries – Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia – along with India.
• Connecting Ho Chi Minh City, Dawei, Bangkok, and Phnom Penh with

Topic 5- US-India Strategic Clean Energy Partnership (SCEP)

• The revamped US-India Strategic Clean Energy Partnership (SCEP) was launched on 9 September 2021 during a virtual ministerial meeting held  between Union Minister Hardeep Singh Puri and U.S. Secretary of  Energy Jennifer Granholm.

About

• SCEP was launched in line with U.S.-India Climate and Clean Energy Agenda 2030 Partnership- announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi  and President Joe Biden in April 2021 at the Leaders’ Summit on
• It organizes inter-governmental engagement on the basis of five pillars of cooperation:
  • Power and Energy Efficiency
  • Responsible Oil and Gas
  • Renewable Energy
  • Sustainable Growth and
  • Emerging Fuels

US-India Agenda 2030 Partnership

• The aim is to create stronger bilateral cooperation on actions in the current decade to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement.
• The Partnership will proceed along two main tracks:
  1. The Strategic Clean Energy Partnership
  2. The Climate Action and Finance Mobilization Dialogue.

Topic 6 – 13th BRICS Summit

• The 13th BRICS summit 2021 was held virtually under the chairmanship of India.

Theme

• ‘BRICS@15: Intra-BRICS cooperation for continuity, consolidation, and ’

Priority Areas highlighted by India

1. 1. Multilateral System.
   2. Counter-Terrorism.
   3. Using Digital and Technological Tools for achieving SDGs.
   4. Enhancing People to People exchanges.

Adopted Delhi Declaration

• The declaration called for reforms of the principal organs of the United Nations including that of the UN Security Council (UNSC).
• It is the first time that BRICS has taken a  collective position on  ‘Strengthening and Reforming Multilateral Systems’.

BRICS

• An acronym for the grouping of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (the world’s leading emerging economies).
• British Economist Jim O’Neill (2001) coined the term BRIC to describe the four emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
• South Africa was invited to join BRIC in December 2010.
• India was the chair for 2021.
• China (2022 host)

Topic 7- Food Emergency in Sri Lanka

• Sri Lanka declared a state of emergency over food shortages on August 31, 2021 after private banks in the country ran out of foreign exchange to  finance imports.

Factors Responsible for Crisis

• The tourism industry, which represents over 10% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product and brings in foreign exchange, has been hit hard by the  coronavirus pandemic.
• Depreciating Currency – the price of food items has risen in tandem with the depreciating rupee.
• Food Shortage – Sri Lankan Government’s recent decision to ban import of chemical fertilizers and adopt an “organic only” approach.

Topic 8- Eastern Economic Forum (EEF)

• The Prime Minister of India (PM) addressed the plenary  session of the 6th Eastern Economic Forum (EEF) via video-

About

• EEF was established by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation in the year 2015.
• It takes place each year in Vladivostok, a city in Russia.
• It supports the economic development of Russia’s Far East and expands international cooperation in the Asia-Pacific
• It serves as a platform for the discussion of key issues in the world economy, regional  integration, and the development  of new industrial and technological sectors, as well as of  the global challenges facing Russia and other nations.
• Over the years, it has emerged as an international platform for discussing the strategy for developing political,  economic, and cultural ties between Russia and the Asia

FAR EAST

• The Far East is the easternmost part of Russia.
• It borders two oceans, the Pacific and the Arctic, and five countries (China, Japan, Mongolia, the United States and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK))

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