Why rainfall fails in india” El Nino effect on Indian monsoon – Indian Geography – Free PDF

El-Nino and Indian Monsoon

• El-Nino occurs due to the change in the normal patterns of trade wind circulation.
• It is unusual warming of sea surface temperature of central and eastern pacific resulting in heavy rainfall in eastern pacific and drought in Australia and South East Asia.
• Normally these winds move westward while driving the warm surface water towards the east coast of Australia in the Western Pacific.
• El-Nino events are the result of weakening Easterly Trade winds.

• The weakening of easterly trade winds allows warmer water from the western Pacific to surge eastwards and replace the cold Peruvian currents.
• There is drought in Australia and rainfall occurs in Peru and Ecuador region.

Consequences of El-Nino

• Increased rainfall across the southern part of the USA and in Peru,
• Drought in the West Pacific, sometime El-Nino is associated with devastating fires in Australia.
• Drought in India and parts of eastern Africa and mild winters in western Canada.
• El-Nino conditions tend to suppress the development of tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic but increase the number of tropical storms over the eastern and central Pacific oceans.

La-Nina and Indian Monsoon

• La-Nina refers to the “Girl Child”.
• Unusual cooling takes place in the central and eastern Pacific in contrast to EL Nino’s unusual warming.
• Together La-Nina and El-Nino are the cold and warm phases of the ENSO or El-Nino Southern Oscillation.

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