Science And Technology Set – 2 Last One Year – Free PDF Download

 
Q) NASA’s InSight Mission detected quakes and magnetic pulses on which planet of the solar system ?
A)Saturn
B)Mercury
C)Jupiter
D)Mars

• Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight), is the first mission dedicated to looking deep beneath the Martian
• It is part of NASA’s Discovery Program.
• It is embedded with seismometer for detecting quakes, sensors for gauging wind and air pressure, magnetometer and heat flow probe designed to take the planet’s temperature.

Recent finding

• Mars does not have tectonic plates like Earth, but it does have volcanically active regions, one of which is Cerberus Fossae, that can cause rumbles.

Q)Which country Launched an all sky-survey satellite, Spektr-RG?
A)Russia
B)China
C)USA
D)France

• It is a joint project between the Russian space agency, Roscosmos, and the German space agency, DLR.
• Spektr-RG will be placed in a stable orbit in space calledaLagrange point (specifically, L2), where the gravitational forces of two large objects —in this case, the sun and the Earth —balance each other
• This location will allow Spektr-RG to perform its observations while using a minimal amount of fuel.
• The spacecraft is expected to detect 100,000 galaxy clusters, 3 million supermassiveblack holes, tens of thousands of star-forming galaxies, the presence of plasma (superheated gas) and many more types of objects.

Q) NASA has planned a Dragon Fly Mission to the largest moon of which planet ?
A)Mars
B)Jupiter
C)Saturn
D)Uranus

• Dragonfly was selected as part of the agency’s New Frontiers program, aimed at understanding how chemistry gave way to biology.
• Program also includes the New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt, Juno Mission to Jupiter, and OSIRIS-Rex Mission to the asteroid Bennu.
• Titan:It is the moon of the Saturnand the second-largest moon in the solar system (even larger than mercury).
• Its atmosphere is mostly made of nitrogen, like Earth’s.
• Its landscape is dominated by sand dunes and waterways composed of hydrocarbons –liquid methane and ethane.
• Its surface is composed of water ice, frozen as hard as rock.

Q)Which is the first Sri Lankan satellite designed and developed indigenously that was successfully launched from the International Space station ?
A)Meghnath-1
B)Raavana-1
C)Dipavamsa-2
D)Rajendra-1

• Sri Lanka’s first satellite ‘Raavana-1’, designed and developed indigenously, was successfully launched into orbit from the international Space Station.
• The satellite was designed and developed by two Sri Lankan engineers-Tharindu Dayaratneand DulaniChamika-studying space engineering at Japan’s Kyushu Institute of Technology.
• Raavana-1 was deployed to the 400-km of orbit at an inclination of 51.6 degrees using the JAXA (Japanese Aerospace and Exploration Agency) owned Kiboexperiment module, the paper said.
• It will have a minimum lifespan of one and a half yearsbut was expected to be active for up to five years.

Q) Which country built the Hope Spacecraft for the Mars mission and scheduled to launch in July 2020?
A)USA
B)China
C)UAE
D)Russia

• It is a Mars mission built by the United Arab Emirates scheduled to launch in July 2020.
• It will orbit Mars and study the dynamics of the Martian atmosphere and its interaction with outer space and the solar wind.
• During its approximately two Earth years in orbit, the mission will tackle questions like how layers within the atmosphere are structured, how quickly the atmosphere escapes Mars and how the atmosphere interacts with the surface.

Q) Which planet of the Solar system has the maximum number of moons?
A)Jupiter
B)Saturn
C)Neptune
D)Uranus

• Saturn overtook Jupiter.
• Before this discovery Jupiter with 79 moons was planet with largest number of moons in Solar system
• Twenty new moons have been discovered around Saturn, taking its total number of moons to 82.
• The moons were discovered using the Subaru telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii.
• Seventeen of Saturn’s new moons orbit the planet in the opposite direction known as retrograde direction.
• The other three circle in the same direction that Saturn rotates known as prograde direction.

Q)Which space agency is planning to launch a four-armed robot, Chaser, to clean up Earth’s orbit in 2025?
A)Russian Space Agency
B)Japanese Space Agency
C)Germany Space Agency
D)European Space Agency

• The European Space Agency (ESA) is planning to launch a four-armed robot, Chaser, to clean up Earth’s orbit in 2025.
• Chaser is to be developed by a Swiss start-up ClearSpaceunder ClearSpace-1 mission
• Once launched into space, it will grab the chosen piece of space trash, one at a time, using its robotic arms and fall back towards Earth in a controlled descent
• The target is a piece of junk called Vespa, around 800km above the Earth.
• More debris could lead to more collisions -a cascade effect known as the Kessler syndrome which may render space eventually inoperable for important services like navigation, communications, weather forecasting etc.

Q) Under the Project named Starlink network that seeks to build a 42,000-strong constellation aiming to supply non-stop, low-cost Internet everywhere on Earth into which orbit?
A)Geo stationary Orbit
B)Geo Synchronous Orbit
C)Low Earth Orbit
D)Medium Earth Orbit

• This project, named Starlink network, seeks to build a 42,000-strong constellation aiming to supply non-stop, low-cost Internet everywhere on Earth.
• American company SpaceXrecently sent 60 small satellites (under 500 kg each) into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) for building low-cost Internet everywhere on Earth
• It uses beacons that beam coordinated signals back to Earth from around (350 km to 1,200 km) away using Kaand Ku frequency bands.
• This allows messages to be sent twice as fast as the fibers used to connect the internet on Earth, regardless of the distance between here and the stars.

Q) NASA is using which telescope to conduct wide range of investigations across the fields of astronomy and cosmology by using the phenomena of gravitational lensing?
A)Thirty Metre Telescope
B)James Webb Space telescope
C)Hubble Space Telescope
D)Gran TelescopioCanaries

• NASA is using the James Webb Space Telescope to conduct wide range of investigations across the fields of astronomy and cosmology.
• Recently, NASA announced that they plan to investigate how new stars are born. For this, they will take the help of a natural phenomenon called “gravitational lensing”.
• This programme is called TEMPLATES(Targeting Extremely Magnified Panchromatic Lensed Arcs and Their Extended Star Formation).

About Gravitational Lensing

• It is a phenomenon, which occurs when a huge amount of matter, such as a massive galaxy or cluster of galaxies, creates a gravitational field that distorts and magnifies the light from objects behind it, but in the same line of sight.
• These large celestial objects will magnify the light from distant galaxies that are at or near the peak of star formation. So, in a way these objects act as natural, cosmic telescopes and are called gravitational lenses.
• As a result, the galaxies appear much,much brighter than they actually are, because they’ve been highly magnified up to 50 times

Q)Which among the following is  not the member of East Asian Observatory?
A)China
B)Japan
C)India
D)South Korea

• India is in preliminary discussions to be a part of the EAO Consortium of eight countries.
• It consists of China, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea as full members and Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesiaas observers.
• The EAO (East Asian Observatory) is formed by EACOA (East Asian Core Observatories Association) for the purpose of pursuing joint projects in astronomy within the East Asian region.

Q) Name the woman, who sets a record for the longest single spaceflight in history by a woman?
A)Christina Koch
B)Jessica Meir
C)Anne McClain
D)Peggy Whitson

• NASA’s Astronaut Christina Koch returned to Earth after spending 328 days in space.
• World record across genders is 438 days by Valery Polyakovof Russia.
• Koch’s long stay would provide valuable information about long-term effects of space travel on female body as the agency plans to return humans to the Moon under Artemis programand prepare for human exploration of Mars
• NASA recently unveiled the calendar for the “Artemis” program that will return astronauts to the Moon for the first time in half a century including the first woman astronaut to moon

Q) Astronomers have discovered water in the atmosphere which exoplanetfor the first time with Earth like temperature that could sustain life?
A)K2-18A
B)K2-28A
C)K2-18B
D)K2-28B

• Astronomers have for the first time discovered water in the atmosphere of an exoplanet, K2-18b orbiting a distant dwarf star K2-18 outside our solar system with Earth-like temperatures that could support life.
• K2-18b, which is eight times the mass of Earth, is also categorised as Super-Earth(exoplanets with masses between those of Earth and Neptune.
• The results revealed the molecular signature of water vapour while also indicating the presence of hydrogen and helium in the planet’s atmosphere

Q)Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star in which of the constellation?
A)Ursa Major
B)Lyra
C)Scorpius
D)Orion

• Using European Space Organisation’s Very Large Telescope, astronomers have noticed unprecedented dimming and change in shape of this star.
• Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star (over 20 times bigger than Sun) in constellation Orion.
• Betelgeuseis usually thetenth-brightests tarin the night skyand, afterRigel, the second-brightest in theconstellation of Orion
• Starting in October 2019, Betelgeuse began to dim noticeably, and by mid-February 2020 its brightness had dropped by a factor of approximately 3, from magnitude 0.5 to 1.7. By 22 February 2020, Betelgeuse stopped dimming and started to brighten again

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