Science And Technology Set – 4 Last One Year – Free PDF Download

 
Q) Where did the National Informatics Centre set up the Centre of Excellence in Block chain technology ?

1. New Delhi
2. Gurugram
3. Bengaluru
4. Chennai

Centre of Excellence

• National Informatics Centre set up the Centre of Excellence in Block chain technology in Bengaluru, Karnataka
• It aims to provide Blockchain as a service and allowing all stakeholders to benefit from shared learning, experiences and resources.
• It will facilitate the Government Departments in building proof of concepts for use of Blockchain technology in different dimensions of governance leading to  large scale deployment of some such applications.
• New and previously unforeseen applications of Blockchain in the Government are expected to enhance transparency, traceability and trust in e-governance 

Block Chain Technology

• Blockchain is the basis of bitcoins, it is a digital public ledger that records every
• Once a transaction is entered in the blockchain, it cannot be erased or
• Blockchain removes the need for using a trusted third party such as a bank to make a transaction by directly connecting the customers and suppliers.
• Each transaction is recorded to the ledger after verification by the network participants, mainly a chain of computers, called nodes.

Q) Government of India inked pact with which company for undertaking a pilot study to utilise Artificial Intelligence and  weather technology solutions in agriculture?

1. Google
2. Microsoft
3. IBM
4. Accenture

Artificial Intelligence

• Government of India inked pact with IBM India for undertaking a pilot study to utilise Artificial Intelligence and weather technology solutions in agriculture.
• AI refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making and execute tasks in  real time situations without constant supervision.
• The field of artificial intelligence is essentially when machines can do tasks that typically require human intelligence.
• It encompasses machine learning, where machines can learn by experience and acquire skills without human involvement.

Q) Which ministry organised the Responsible AI for Social Empowerment 2020(RAISE 2020) meeting to use Artificial  intelligence for social empowerment?

1. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
2. NITI Aayog
3. Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
4. Prime Minister Office

Responsible AI for Social Empowerment 2020 (RAISE 2020)

• It is a global meeting of minds to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) for social empowerment, inclusion and transformation in key areas like Healthcare,  Agriculture, Education and Smart Mobility amongst other sectors.
• A Startup challenge- Pitchfest was also launched during the event.
• It is organized by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology in partnership with Industry & Academia.

Q) Which is the first country in the world to issue Biometric Seafarer Identity Document (BSID), capturing the facial bio- metric data of seafarers?

1. China
2. Japan
3. India
4. Australia

• India is the first country in the world to issue Biometric Seafarer Identity
• Document (BSID), capturing the facial bio-metric data of seafarers
• The BSID has the dimensions of a smart ID card. It introduces modern security features like an embedded biometric chip, as well as optical security  features such as micro prints/micro texts.
• The new card is in confirmation of the Convention No. 185 of the International Labour Organisation on BSID. India ratified the Convention in  October 2015.
• It has been developed with collaboration with Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC), Mumbai.

Q) Indian Railways (IR) is taking up Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) project which aims to automatically and accurately track and trace rolling stock. All the rolling stock  which includes coaches and wagons will be fitted with RFID tags by which year?
A) 2021
B) 2022
C) 2024
D) 2025

• Indian Railways (IR) is taking up Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) project which aims to automatically and accurately track and trace rolling  stock as they move across the country with a special focus on improving  their safety and reliability
• All the rolling stock which includes coaches and wagons will be fitted with RFID tags by 2021.
• RFID project has been undertaken under ‘Make in India’ initiative by Centre for Railway Information Systems.
• It enables enhanced operational efficiency of IR

Q) Which country has created a world’s first 3D- printed heart made from human cells?

1. USA
2. China
3. Japan
4. Israel

Israel created an world’s first 3D-printed heart made from human cells.

• 3D- Printing is an additive process wherein an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the object is created. Each of these layers can be  seen as a thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of the eventual object.
• It is also known as additive manufacturing which uses materials such as plastics, metals etc. to convert products envisaged on computer-aided design to real three  dimensional items.
• It allows the creation of lighter, more complex designs that are too difficult or too expensive to build using traditional dies, molds, milling and machining.
• It has multiple applications like in aerospace, healthcare, automotive, product development etc. to create 3d object

Q) Which state police have established a specialised darknet lab in cyber adome?

1. Delhi Police
2. Telangana Police
3. Kerala Police
4. Tamil Nadu Police

• Kerala police have established a specialised darknet lab in Cyberdome and four officers have been trained as darknet analysts to monitor these activities
• Dark Net is also known as Dark Web, Dark Net is that part of the Internet which cannot be accessed through traditional search engines like Google nor is it accessible by  normal browsers like Chrome or Safari.
• It generally uses non-standard communication protocols which makes it inaccessible to internet service providers (ISPs) or government authorities.

The content on Dark Net is encrypted

• Dark Net itself is only a part of the Deep Web that is a broader concept, which includes sites that are protected by passwords. For e.g.- A person’s bank statements which are  available online but will not be pulled up in generalised Internet searches. Only  difference is that while the Deep Web is accessible, the Dark Net is deliberately hidden

Q) Which state Police has become the first police department in the country to use a robot named KP-Bot (SI- ranked) for police work?

1. Karnataka Police
2. Kerala Police
3. Tamil Nadu Police
4. Andhra Pradesh Police

• Kerala Police has become the first police department in the country to use a robot named KP-Bot (SI-ranked) for police work.
• It will be deployed to perform duties of the front office of the police headquarters which means that it will receive visitors and direct them to  different places as and when required.

Q) Which among the following is incorrect regarding the 5G technology?

1. 5G has high latency than 4G
2. 5G data speed is faster than 4G
3. 5G has high connection density than 4G
4. All of the above are correct

Q) Which of the following statement about FASTag and technology behind FASTag is correct?

1. FASTag uses RFID technology
2. RFID technology has one way communication
3. A FASTag is valid for five years
4. All of the above are correct

• The FASTag is a reloadable tag that allows automatic deduction of toll without having to stop for carrying out the cash transaction. The tag uses  radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and is fixed on the  windscreen of the vehicle once active.
• The tag is valid for five years.
• It was rolled out in April 2016.
• Indian Highways Management Company Limited (IHMCL) (a company incorporated by National Highways Authority of India) and National  Payment Corporation of India (NPCI) are implementing this program.
• FASTag is presently operational at both, national and state highways.

Q) Which IIT develop the country’s first indigenously designed and fabricated microprocessor AJIT?

1. IIT Guwahati
2. IIT Bombay
3. IIT Madras
4. IIT Delhi

• IIT Bombay develop the country’s first indigenously designed and fabricated microprocessor AJIT.
• It is a medium-sized processor which can be used inside a set-top box, as a control panel for automation systems, in a traffic light controller or  even robotic systems.
• This innovation would reduce the country’s imports and make India self-reliant in electronics.

Q) Which company recently introduced India’s first Voice over WiFi (VoWiFi)?

1. Bharti Airtel
2. Vodafone-Idea
3. Reliance Jio
4. BSNL

• Recently, Bharti Airtel introduced India’s first Voice over WiFi (VoWiFi)
• VoWiFi is a Wi-Fi-based Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service, which allows users to make high definition (HD) voice calls using Wi-Fi even in places with poor or no  cellular network.
• Calls made over VoWiFi provides users with a shorter call connection time along with superior call quality compared to calls made over VoLTE or any existing cellular
• Users don’t have to pay extra for these calls as it is using a Wi-Fi network. VoWiFi service does not need any separate app or a new number or any log-in to work.
• This is similar to a voice call using WhatsApp or any other over-the-top messaging platform, but here the call is from one number to another, and not using an app.

Q) General Data Protection regulation of which country/organisation allows cross-border movement of data but requires destination country to have stringent  cybersecurity rules?

1. G-20
2. OECD
3. European Union
4. ASEAN

Data Localisation

• General Data Protection Regulation (GPDR) of European Union allows cross- border movement of data, but requires destination country to have stringent  cybersecurity rules.
• Data localization is a concept that the personal data of a country’s residents should be processed and stored in that country. It may restrict flow entirely or  allow for conditional data sharing or data mirroring (in which only a copy has to  be stored in the country)
• There is a growing perception that data localization will aid countries asserting sovereignty in digital domain, ensure informational security of its citizens & fare  better in governance (as it goes digital)

RBI’s Data Localization Directive

• RBI issued a directive in April 2018 advising all Payment System Operators (PSOs) to ensure that the entire data relating to payment systems is stored within databases  located in India within 6 months.
• Directives are applicable to Payment System providers and payment gateways like Master Card and Visa to e-wallets like PayTM
• RBI has rejected proposals by overseas service providers to allow data mirroring

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