The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 16 May 2023

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 15 May 2023

• The Maharashtra Governor’s action in calling for a floor test has been very severely criticised by the Court, which characterised it as illegal.
• As per the universally accepted convention, in all democratic countries, when a government falls, the constitutional head, Governor or President, enquires of the leader of the Opposition whether he could form a government.
• Validity of whip

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• On May 12, in its interim order, the Supreme Court clarified that courts could grant default bail independent of and without relying on the Ritu Chhabaria judgment.
• The right to statutory bail, often known as default bail, is available to accused persons in cases when the investigating agency fails to complete its investigation within the stipulated time. Under Section 167(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), the maximum time available to investigators is 60 or 90 days, depending on the seriousness of the offence. If the authorities are unable to complete the investigation within this time period, the accused can seek to be released from custody by applying for default bail under the first proviso to Section 167(2) of the CrPC.
• The right to default bail has been characterised by the Court in multiple judgments as an indefeasible right, flowing from Article 21 of the Constitution which guarantees the right to life and personal liberty.
• The Supreme Court’s decision in Ritu Chhabaria delegitimised such illegal practices and held that incomplete charge sheets filed by the police would not bar an accused from applying for default bail.
• This decision is particularly alarming because the right to default bail, which has been interpreted so far as flowing from the Indian Constitution, could possibly be made subservient to concerns of ‘difficulties’ faced by investigative authorities.
• What makes the matter even more serious is the Supreme Court also agreed to defer decisions on default bail for accused persons across the country which would have been decided as per Ritu Chhabaria.

• For those who lose someone dear to them, there is anger, disbelief and lack of acceptance, and this is sometimes unleashed on the hospital, doctors and nurses.
• This is why Kerala’s move to amend the Kerala Healthcare Service Persons and Healthcare Service Institutions (Prevention of Violence and Damage to Property) Act, to fortify defences against attacks on health-care institutions and workers is not only welcome but is also essential intervention.
• As per Constitutional provisions, ‘Health’ and ‘Law & Order’ are State subjects.
• In the wake of COVID-19 outbreak, Government of India has notified the Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Act, 2000 on 28th September 2020.
• The Amended Act provides that acts of violence against healthcare personnel during any situation akin to current pandemic would be cognizable and non-bailable offences.
• Commission or abetment of such acts of violence shall be punished with imprisonment for a term of three months to five years, and with fine of Rs.50,000/- to Rs.2,00,000/-.
• In case of causing grievous hurt, imprisonment shall be for a term of six months to seven years and with fine of Rs.1,00,000/- to Rs.5,00,000/-. In addition, the offender shall also be liable to pay, compensation to the victim and twice the fair market value for damage of property.

• Ten years after the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (PoSH) came into force, the Supreme Court Bench of India has said there are “serious lapses” and “uncertainty” regarding its implementation.
• In 1992, Bhanwari Devi, a social worker with the Women’s Development Project of the Rajasthan government was gang-raped by five men after she tried to prevent the marriage of a one-year-old girl.
• in 1997, christened the Vishakha Guidelines
• After this, the Protection of Women against Sexual Harassment at Workplace Bill was introduced by then Women and Child Development Minister, Krishna Tirath, in 2007. It was later tabled in Parliament and went through amendments. The amended Bill came into force on December 9, 2013, as the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) or PoSh Act.
• Under the Act, an employee is defined not just in accordance with the company law. All women employees, whether employed regularly, temporarily, contractually, on an ad hoc or daily wage basis, as apprentices or interns or even employed without the knowledge of the principal employer, can seek redressal to sexual harassment in the workplace.
• The law requires any employer with more than 10 employees to form an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) which can be approached by any woman employee to file a formal sexual harassment complaint.
• It has to be headed by a woman, have at least two women employees, another employee, and a third party such as an NGO worker with five years of experience, familiar with the challenges of sexual harassment.

Q) Consider the following statements regarding Kukis:

1. They are present in all Northeast Indian states except Assam.
2. Kukis comprise more than 50% of the population of Manipur.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

कुकीज़ के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

1. वे असम को छोड़कर सभी पूर्वोत्तर भारतीय राज्यों में मौजूद हैं।
2. कुकी में मणिपुर की 50% से अधिक आबादी शामिल है।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

About Kukis:

• They are an ethnic group comprising multiple tribes who originally inhabited the North-Eastern states of India, parts of Myanmar, and Bangladesh.
• Kuki is not a term coined by the ethnic group itself but is used generically for tribes associated with it under colonial rule.
• They are present in all Northeast Indian states except Arunachal Pradesh.
• Around fifty tribes of Kuki peoples in India are recognised as scheduled tribes.
• The Chin people of Myanmar and the Mizo people of Mizoram are kindred tribes of the Kukis and are collectively known as the Zo people.
• In Manipur, Kuki tribes comprise around 30% of the population and mainly reside in the hills.
• History: The first resistance to British hegemony by the Kuki people was the Kuki Rebellion of 1917-19, after which their territory was subjugated by the British and divided between the administrations of British India and British Burma. Up until their defeat in 1919, the Kukis had been an independent people ruled by their chieftains.

Q) With reference to the One Station One Product, consider the following statements:

1. Ministry of Railways launched this scheme in 2015.
2. The objective is to promote ‘Vocal for Local’ vision of the government, providing a market for local or indigenous products and create additional income opportunities for the marginalized sections of society.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

वन स्टेशन वन प्रोडक्ट के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिये:

1. रेल मंत्रालय ने इस योजना की शुरुआत 2015 में की थी।
2. इसका उद्देश्य सरकार के ‘वोकल फॉर लोकल’ विजन को बढ़ावा देना है, स्थानीय या स्वदेशी उत्पादों के लिए बाजार उपलब्ध कराना और समाज के हाशिए पर पड़े वर्गों के लिए अतिरिक्त आय के अवसर पैदा करना है।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

Explanation :

Under the One Station One Product’ (OSOP) scheme of Indian Railways, 728 stations are covered with 785 OSOP outlets in 21 States and 3 Union Territories across the country so far.

• Ministry of Railways launched this scheme in March, 2022.
• The objective is to promote ‘Vocal for Local’ vision of the government, providing a market for local or indigenous products and create additional income opportunities for the marginalized sections of society.
• Under the scheme, OSOP outlets at railway stations are allotted for showcasing, selling and giving high visibility to indigenous or local products.
• These OSOP stalls are designed through National Design Institute for uniformity.

Q) Consider the following statements regarding United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC):

1. It investigates allegations of breaches of human rights in UN member states.
2. Members of UNHRC are elected by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC).

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

संयुक्त राष्ट्र मानवाधिकार परिषद (यूएनएचआरसी) के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

1. यह संयुक्त राष्ट्र के सदस्य देशों में मानवाधिकारों के उल्लंघन के आरोपों की जांच करता है।
2. UNHRC के सदस्य संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद (UNSC) द्वारा चुने जाते हैं।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

About United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC):

• It is an inter-governmental body within the United Nations system, which is responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the world.
• Mandate: To promote “universal respect for the protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all” and “address situations of violations of human rights, including gross and systematic violations, and make recommendations thereon.”
• Establishment: It was founded in 2006. It replaced the former United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR).
• Functions:
• It investigates allegations of breaches of human rights in UN member states.
• It addresses important human rights issues such as freedom of expression, women’s rights, LGBT rights, and the rights of racial and ethnic minorities.
• The UNHRC works closely with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).
• Membership:
• The Council is made up of 47 Member States, which are elected by UN General Assembly through direct and secret ballot.
• The Council’s Membership is based on equitable geographical distribution. African and Asia-Pacific states have 13 seats each, Latin American and Caribbean states have 8 seats, Western European and other states have 7 seats, and Eastern European states have 6 seats.
• Members of the Council serve for a period of three years and are not eligible for immediate re-election after serving two consecutive terms.

Q) Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve, recently seen in the news, lies in which state?

1. Tamil Nadu
2. Odisha
3. Karnataka
4. Gujarat

हाल ही में खबरों में रहा बिलीगिरी रंगास्वामी मंदिर टाइगर रिजर्व किस राज्य में स्थित है?

1. तमिलनाडु
2. ओडिशा
3. कर्नाटक
4. गुजरात

About Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve (BRT):

• Location:
• It is located in Chamarajanagar district of Karnataka State.
• This unique Bio-geographical habitat is in the middle of the bridge between the Western and Eastern ghats.
• The tiger reserve derives its name from ‘BILIGIRI ‘, the white rocky cliff which has a temple of Lord ‘VISHNU’, locally known as ‘Rangaswamy’.
• It was declared as a Tiger Reserve in 2011.

Q) With reference to the Yoga Mahotsav, consider the following statements:

1. The Yoga Mahotsav was a celebration to commemorate 50 days to upcoming International Day of Yoga, 2023.
2. NITI Aayog is organising the “Yoga Mahotsav”.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

योग महोत्सव के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिये:

1. योग महोत्सव आगामी अंतर्राष्ट्रीय योग दिवस, 2023 के 50 दिनों के उपलक्ष्य में मनाया जाने वाला उत्सव था।
2. नीति आयोग “योग महोत्सव” का आयोजन कर रहा है।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

Explanation :

Commemorating 50 days to the International Day of Yoga, the Yoga Mahotsav witnessed massive participation by yoga enthusiasts perform along with dignitaries creating an electrifying atmosphere.

• The Yoga Mahotsav was a celebration to commemorate 50 days to upcoming International Day of Yoga, 2023.
• The participants performed Common Yoga Protocol (CYP) in complete rhythm and harmony with a mesmerising outcome.
• The Ministry of Ayush, is organising the “Yoga Mahotsav”.

International Day of Yoga:

• The United Nations declared June 21 as the International Day of Yoga in 2014 after PM Modi called for the day to be adopted as a global celebration of yoga.
• The date of 21 June was suggested as it is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and shares a special significance in many parts of the world.
• The first International Yoga Day celebration was organised at Rajpath in New Delhi on June 21, 2015.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) mentions yoga as a means to improve health in its Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030: More active people for a healthier world.

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