The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 19 November 2022

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 18 November 2022

• Certain countries support terrorism as part of their foreign policy, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said at an international conference on terror financing on Friday, noting that “state support” is one of the financial sources of terror groups.
• In an indirect reference to Pakistan and China, the PM said certain countries offer political, ideological and financial support to terror groups and sometimes, there are indirect arguments made in support of terrorism to block action against terrorists. Pakistan is not participating in the conference; China did not send a delegation.

The Hindu Editorial Today

About No Money For Terror (NMFT) conference

• It aims to progress the discussions on combating terrorist financing held by the international community in the previous two Conferences in Paris (2018) and Melbourne (2019).
• Focused Areas: Global trends in terrorism and terrorist financing, use of formal and informal channels of funds for terrorism, emerging technologies and terrorist financing and requisite international co-operation to address related challenges.
• The Conference intends to bring together representatives of 75 countries and international bodies for extended deliberations over two days.
• It also intends to include discussions on technical, legal, regulatory and cooperation aspects of all facets of terrorism financing.
• The Conference is organised by Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) of over 100 countries, jointly called The Egmont Group.

• The Centre’s significantly shortened and revised draft Bill on personal data protection proposes a hefty increase in penalty amounts up to ₹500 crore, while also easing rules on cross-border data flows, in a big relief for large tech firms. The revised draft — now called The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022 — comes just over three months after its earlier avatar was withdrawn from Parliament by the Central government.
• The Bill requires the consent of the individual to be the basis for processing of their personal data, except in certain circumstances where seeking the consent of the Data Principal is “impracticable or inadvisable due to pressing concerns”.
• The Bill also gives the power to the government to offer exemption from its provisions “in the interests of sovereignty and integrity of India” and to maintain public order.
• While the earlier version of the draft Bill had recommended that a Data Protection Authority be set up to prevent misuse of personal information, the revised Bill has proposed a Data Protection Board of India, which will be notified by the Central government.
• The Supreme Court maintained the right to privacy as a fundamental right in the landmark decision of K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India 2017 after which the Union government had appointed Justice B.N. Srikrishna Committee for proposing skeletal legislation in the discipline of data protection.
• European Union: The primary aim of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is to give individuals control over their personal data.
• US: It has sectoral laws to deal with matters of digital privacy such as the US Privacy Act, 1974, Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act etc.

• It was a historic moment when Vikram-S, India’s first privately-developed rocket, lifted off precisely at 11.30 a.m. on Friday from Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) launchpad in Sriharikota.
• Developed by Hyderabad-based start-up Skyroot Aerospace Private Limited, the six-metre-tall vehicle hit a peak altitude of 89.5 km and then splashed into the Bay of Bengal about five minutes after the launch. This mission was titled Prarambh.
• The rocket Vikram-S is a single-stage solid fuelled, sub-orbital rocket developed over two years by incorporating advanced technologies including carbon composite structures and 3D-printed components.
• Equipped with a gross lift off mass of 545kg, and payload mass of 80 kg, Vikram-S carried with it three customer payloads, which will map the measurement and validation of certain flight parameters and payload integration processes.

• Article 153 provides a Governor for each State, and by virtue of Article 154, the executive power of the State shall be vested in the Governor (“Shall be exercised by him directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution”).
• However, Article 154(2)(a) prohibits the Governor from exercising any function “conferred by existing law on any other Authority”.
• Article 163 categorically provides that “there shall be a council of ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor… except in so far as he is by or under this Constitution required to exercise his function or any of them in his discretion”.
• The Supreme Court, in Shamsher Singh vs State of Punjab and Anr., decided on this issue in 1974: The Governor exercises “all his powers and functions” by making rules for the convenient transactions of the business of the government of the State in accordance with Article 166 of the Constitution.
• It was hotly debated whether the Governor should be appointed by the President of India or should be elected. Fearing that this would create a parallel State leadership, the Assembly instead adopted appointment by the President.

• A layman’s definition of doctrine is that it is ‘the best way of doing a thing’.
• It is time that the doctrine of the Indian Air Force (IAF) — it is of 2012 vintage — is reviewed and made public to guide the future development and application of India’s air power. Doctrine drives technology and given the ongoing advancements, the IAF doctrine would have to spell out the following to meet the challenges of the mid-century.
• The roles and missions of the IAF would have to be re-assessed since space will be a major, if not a central, player in future conflicts.
• An air force is not about fighter aircraft alone. Combat enablers such as aerial refuellers, Airborne Warning and Control System, transport and helicopter fleets, radars, communication systems, etc. are vital in operations.

• The collegium system of making appointments to the higher judiciary has come under focus, largely due to critical remarks made by Union Law Minister Kiren Rijiju.
• A Bench of the Court voiced its displeasure over the Government delaying its recommendations for appointment, as well as ignoring names that had been reiterated twice or even thrice.
• Even the judgment that struck down the 99th Constitution Amendment and the NJAC Act accepted that there were flaws, but the majority chose to retain the collegium system until it was improved.
• It has to work towards an alternative mechanism, one that does not have the perceived infirmities that led to the invalidation of the earlier law.
• The NJAC mechanism enabled the outnumbering of judicial members by executive nominees. A better system than the present one should avoid such pitfalls in the name of executive primacy in judicial appointments.

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi will formally inaugurate the month-long Kashi-Tamil Sangamam in Varanasi on Saturday. The 30-day event aimed at rediscovering centuries-old bond of knowledge and ancient civilisational linkage between the country’s north and south will give a glimpse of the Dravidian culture and the cuisine and music of Tamil Nadu to the people of Uttar Pradesh.
• After the inauguration, around 2,500 to 3,000 people from Tamil Nadu are expected to reach Varanasi in 12 different groups.
• “The broader objective is to bring the two knowledge and cultural traditions (of the North and South) closer, create an understanding of our shared heritage and deepen the people-to-people bond between the regions,” the official note for the event, organised by the Ministry of Education, says.

About Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)

• China’s leader Xi Jinping first proposed an Asian infrastructure bank at an APEC summit in Bali in 2013.
• AIIB began operations in 2016 with 57 founding Members (37 regional and 20 non regional).
• Members: It has 105 members and is open to accepting additional members.
  • India is a founding member.
• It is a multilateral development bank with a mission to improve social and economic outcomes in Asia and beyond.
• Shareholder & voting right:
  • China is the largest shareholder of the bank with 26.06 per cent voting rights.
    • India is the second-largest shareholder with 7.5 per cent followed by Russia at 5.93 per cent and Germany at 4.5 per cent.
• HQ: Beijing, China.

Q) With reference to the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG), consider the following statements:

1. Article 148 broadly deals with the CAG appointment, oath and conditions of service.
2. CAG audits all expenditure from the Contingency Fund of India and the Public Account of India but not from the Contingency Fund.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

भारत के नियंत्रक एवं महालेखा परीक्षक (CAG) के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिये:

1. अनुच्छेद 148 मोटे तौर पर CAG की नियुक्ति, शपथ और सेवा की शर्तों से संबंधित है।
2. CAG भारत की आकस्मिकता निधि और भारत के लोक लेखा से सभी व्यय का लेखा परीक्षण करता है लेकिन आकस्मिकता निधि से नहीं।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

Constitutional Provisions:

• Article 148 broadly deals with the CAG appointment, oath and conditions of service.
• Article 149 deals with duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.

Functions of CAG:

• CAG audits the accounts related to all expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, Consolidated Fund of each state and UT’s having a legislative assembly.
• He audits all expenditure from the Contingency Fund of India and the Public Account of India as well as the Contingency Fund and Public Account of each state.

Q) With reference to the Greater One-horned Rhinoceros, consider the following statements:

1. It is identified by a single black horn and a grey-brown hide with skin folds.
2. This species of rhino is only found in Nepal.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

ग्रेटर एक सींग वाले गैंडे के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

1. इसकी पहचान एक काले सींग और त्वचा की सिलवटों वाली भूरे-भूरे रंग की खाल से होती है।
2. गैंडों की यह प्रजाति सिर्फ नेपाल में पाई जाती है।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

The Greater One-horned Rhinoceros:

• The greater one-horned rhino (or “Indian rhino”) is the largest of the rhino species
• It is identified by a single black horn and a grey-brown hide with skin folds.
• This species of rhino is commonly found in Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan and in Assam, India.
• Protection Status:
  • IUCN Red List: Vulnerable
  • CITES: Appendix I
  • Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I

It is one of the five species of Rhinos. The other four species are:

• White rhino: It is native to northern and southern Africa
• Black rhino: It is native to eastern and southern Africa
• Javan rhino: It is also known as Sunda rhino or lesser one-horned rhino
• Sumatran rhino: Critically Endangered species of rhino

Q) Consider the following statements About the G20 or Group of Twenty:

1. It is an intergovernmental forum made up of 19 countries as well as the European Union (EU).
2. It was created in 1999 and has met at least once a year since 2008.

Which of the above statements is/are Incorrect?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

G20 या बीस के समूह के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

1. यह 19 देशों के साथ-साथ यूरोपीय संघ (ईयू) से बना एक अंतर-सरकारी मंच है।
2. यह 1999 में बनाया गया था और 2008 से कम से कम एक वर्ष में एक बार मिला है।

उपरोक्त में से कौन सा/से कथन गलत है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

Explanation:

• It is an intergovernmental forum made up of 19 countries as well as the European Union (EU) that aims to address significant global economic challenges such as international financial stability, climate change mitigation and sustainable development.
• The G20, which is made up of the majority of the world’s top economies (both developed and developing), was created in 1999 and has met at least once a year since 2008.
• Because the group has no permanent staff/secretariat, each year in December, a G20 country from a rotating region assumes the Presidency, which is in charge of organising the following summit.

Q) Consider the following pairs:

1. Pithora Painting: Rajasthan
2. Mata Ni Pachedi: Punjab
3. Patan Patola: Gujarat

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

1. 1 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 3 only
4. 1 and 3 only

निम्नलिखित जोड़ियों पर विचार करें:

1. पिथौरा चित्रकला : राजस्थान
2. माता नी पछेड़ी : पंजाब
3. पाटन पटोला : गुजरात

ऊपर दिए गए युग्मों में से कौन-सा/से सही सुमेलित है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2 और 3
3. केवल 3
4. केवल 1 और 3

Explanation:

• About Patan Patola:
  • The ancient art of double ikat or Patola weaving in pure silk dates back to the 11th century, and the Salvi family of North Gujarat is one of the last practitioners of the declining art form.
  • This unique fabric derives from a sophisticated and difficult technique of dyeing or knot dyeing on the warp and weft separately before weaving, known as ‘bandhani.’
  • A standard scarf costs between Rs 80,000 and Rs 100,000, depending on the design’s complexity.
• Mata Ni Pachedi: It is handmade textile of Gujarat for offering in the temple shrines
• Pithora Painting: From Chhota Udaipur (Gujarat), it depicts cave paintings that tribes used to make. It is a ritualistic painting done on the walls by the Rathwa, Bhils and Bhilala tribes.

Q) Climate Change Performance Index 2022 released by

1. World Wide Fund for Nature
2. Germanwatch
3. World Economic Forum
4. Greenpeace

जलवायु परिवर्तन प्रदर्शन सूचकांक 2022 किसके द्वारा जारी किया गया

1. प्रकृति के लिए वर्ल्ड वाइड फंड
2. जर्मनवॉच
3. विश्व आर्थिक मंच
4. ग्रीनपीस

Explanation:

• The latest Climate Change Performance Index by Germanwatch, an independent development organisation, has put India eighth amongst a group of 59 countries and the European Union in terms of climate action, ahead of most developed countries.

Mains Practice Question:

Q) How far do you agree with the view that the focus on lack of availability of food as the main cause of hunger takes the attention away from ineffective human development policies in India? (2018) (150 words)

आप इस विचार से कहाँ तक सहमत हैं कि भूख के मुख्य कारण के रूप में भोजन की उपलब्धता की कमी पर ध्यान देने से भारत में अप्रभावी मानव विकास नीतियों से ध्यान हट जाता है? (2018) (150 शब्द)

UPSC Mains Result 2022

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