The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 3 November 2022

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 29 October 2022

• The horns of rhinoceroses may have become smaller over time from the impact of hunting, according to a recent study which analysed artwork and photographs of the animal spanning more than five centuries.
• Rhinos have long been hunted for their horns. The five surviving rhino species are threatened by habitat loss and hunting.
• The study found that the rate of decline in horn length was highest in the critically endangered Sumatran rhino and lowest in the white rhino of Africa, the most commonly found species in the wild and in captivity.
• About:
  There are five species of rhino – white and black rhinos in Africa, and the greater one-horned, Javan and Sumatran rhino species in Asia.
• IUCN Red List Status:
  • Black Rhino: Critically endangered. Smaller of the two African species.
  • White Rhino: Near Threatened. Researchers have created an embryo of the northern white rhino by using In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) process.
  • One-Horned Rhino: Vulnerable
  • Javan: Critically Endangered
  • Sumatran Rhino: Critically Endangered. It has gone extinct in Malaysia.
• Only the Great One-Horned Rhino is found in India.
• Also known as Indian rhino, it is the largest of the rhino species.
• It is identified by a single black horn and a grey-brown hide with skin folds.
• They primarily graze, with a diet consisting almost entirely of grasses as well as leaves, branches of shrubs and trees, fruit, and aquatic plants.
• Habitat:
  • The species is restricted to small habitats in Indo-Nepal terai and northern West Bengal and Assam.
  • In India, rhinos are mainly found in Assam, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.
  • Assam has an estimated 2,640 rhinos in four protected areas, i.e. Pabitora Wildlife Reserve, Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park, Kaziranga National Park, and Manas National Park.
    • About 2,400 of them are in the Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR).

The Hindu Editorial Today

• With the air quality turning ‘very poor’, Union Minister Bhupendra Yadav says Punjab has seen 19% rise in farm fires compared to 2021, with 3,634 incidents reported on Wednesday
• The contribution of stubble burning to Delhi’s air pollution is more than what it was same time last year, according to numbers from the SAFAR monitoring facility maintained by the Ministry of Earth Sciences.

• In October 1962, when the United States discovered that the Soviet Union had moved nuclear missiles to Cuba, U.S. President John F. Kennedy called it “a deliberately provocative and unjustified change in the status quo which cannot be accepted by this country…” He ordered a naval quarantine of Cuba, thus blocking access for Soviet ships.
• the Soviets claimed that the missiles were for defensive purposes, but the U.S. found the presence of nuclear missiles in an island 145 km off the coast of Florida as a security threat.
• The origins of the Ukraine crisis can be traced to NATO’s eastward expansion.
• The current phase of the Ukraine war is a textbook example of what international relations theorists call a spiral model, where parties treat each other with matching hostility, sharply escalating an existing conflict.

• Apart from the upcoming Universal Periodic Review of India at the Human Rights Council (HRC), Indian diplomacy is faced with an additional challenge as Germany’s Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock has demanded a special session of the council on Iran’s crackdown on peaceful protesters.
• The protests in Iran began after the reported custodial killing of Kurdish-Iranian activist Mahsa Amini on September 16.

What is Universal Periodic Review (UPR)? 

• It is a unique process which involves a review of the human rights records of all UN Member States.
• The UPR is a State-driven process, under the auspices of the Human Rights Council, which provides the opportunity for each State to declare what actions they have taken to improve the human rights situations in their countries and to fulfil their human rights obligations.

• The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC), India’s apex regulator of genetically modified plants and food products, has approved the environmental release of Dhara Mustard Hybrid-11 (DMH-11), a genetically-engineered variant of mustard.
• Trials conducted over three years by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) suggest that DMH-11 has 28% higher yields than its parent Varuna and was 37% better than zonal checks, or local varieties that are considered the best in different agro-climatic zones.
• They also allege that GM mustard plants may dissuade bees from pollinating the plant and this could have knock-off environmental catastrophes.
• Bt Brinjal, the first transgenic food crop, too was cleared by the GEAC in 2009 but was put on hold by the then-UPA government on the grounds that more tests were needed. Currently the only transgenic crop grown in India is Bt-cotton.

Q) Which of the following National Parks are located in Assam?

1. Nameri National Park
2. Orang National Park
3. Gorumara National Park
4. Manas National Park

Select the correct answer code:

1. 1, 2
2. 1, 2, 4
3. 2, 4
4. 1, 2, 3, 4

निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान असम में स्थित है?

1. नामेरी राष्ट्रीय उद्यान
2. ओरंग राष्ट्रीय उद्यान
3. गोरुमारा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान
4. मानस राष्ट्रीय उद्यान

सही उत्तर कोड चुनें:

1. 1, 2
2. 1, 2, 4
3. 2, 4
4. 1, 2, 3, 4

• Nameri National Park, Manas National Park, Kaziranga National Park, Orang National Park and Deepor Beel Bird Sanctuary are located in Assam.
• Gorumara National Park is located in West Bengal.

Q) World Energy Outlook 2022 is published by:

1. World Bank
2. IMF
3. UNDP
4. International Energy Agency

विश्व ऊर्जा आउटलुक 2022 किसके द्वारा प्रकाशित किया जाता है:

1. विश्व बैंक
2. आईएमएफ
3. यूएनडीपी
4. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ऊर्जा एजेंसी

Explanation :

International Energy Agency (IEA) recently published World Energy Outlook 2022.

• This flagship publication of the IEA has appeared every year since 1998.
• Its objective data and dispassionate analysis provide critical insights into global energy supply and demand in different scenarios and the implications for energy security, climate targets and economic development.

Highlights:

• According to the World Energy Outlook 2022, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is a historic turning point in global energy markets, providing an unprecedented incentive to accelerate the transition to clean energy sources of fuel.
• Electricity and heat demand in the winter months shoot up in the Northern Hemisphere, so it is likely to be a challenging time for the European Union for the next couple of years.
• The global energy crisis has sparked desperate attempts from governments to promote energy security.
• Oil currently comprises 80 per cent of the global energy mix, but it may drop to 75 per cent by 2030 and around 60 per cent by 2050.

Q) Faith for rights (F4R) movement, sometimes seen in news is associated with

1. World Economic Forum (WEF)
2. Oxfam International
3. United Nations
4. Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR)

फेथ फॉर राइट्स (F4R) आंदोलन, जिसे कभी-कभी समाचारों में देखा जाता है, किससे जुड़ा है?

1. विश्व आर्थिक मंच (WEF)
2. ऑक्सफैम इंटरनेशनल
3. संयुक्त राष्ट्र
4. एसोसिएशन फॉर डेमोक्रेटिक रिफॉर्म्स (ADR)

• Faith for Rights, a UN-led movement which campaigns against incitement to national, racial or religious hatred, and exposes legislative patterns, judicial practices and government policies that undercut peaceful coexistence of different faiths.

Q) Consider the following statements regarding Monetary policy.

1. Responsibility of conducting monetary policy is vested with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) through an Act of parliament.
2. The inflation target is set by the Reserve Bank in consultation with Government of India, once in every five years.
3. RBI primarily factors in retail inflation while making its bi-monthly monetary policy.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1.  1 and 2 only
2.  1 and 3 only
3.  2 and 3 only
4.  1, 2 and 3

मौद्रिक नीति के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें।

1. मौद्रिक नीति के संचालन की जिम्मेदारी संसद के एक अधिनियम के माध्यम से भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक (RBI) के साथ निहित है।
2. हर पांच साल में एक बार, भारत सरकार के परामर्श से रिजर्व बैंक द्वारा मुद्रास्फीति लक्ष्य निर्धारित किया जाता है।
3. आरबीआई अपनी द्विमासिक मौद्रिक नीति बनाते समय मुख्य रूप से खुदरा मुद्रास्फीति में कारक है।

उपरोक्त में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1 और 2
2. केवल 1 और 3
3. केवल 2 और 3
4. 1, 2 और 3

Explanation:

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is vested with the responsibility of conducting monetary policy. This responsibility is explicitly mandated under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
• The primary objective of monetary policy is to maintain price stability while keeping in mind the objective of growth.
• In May 2016, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Act, 1934 was amended to provide a statutory basis for the implementation of the flexible inflation targeting framework.
• The amended RBI Act also provides for the inflation target to be set by the Government of India, in consultation with the Reserve Bank, once in every five years.
• RBI primarily factors in retail inflation while making its bi-monthly monetary policy.

Q) Consider the following statements:

1. Article 44 of the Constitution lays down that the state shall endeavour to secure a UCC for the citizens throughout the territory of India.
2. In India, Nagaland is the only state where UCC has been implemented.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

1. संविधान के अनुच्छेद 44 में कहा गया है कि राज्य भारत के पूरे क्षेत्र में नागरिकों के लिए एक यूसीसी सुरक्षित करने का प्रयास करेगा।
2. भारत में, नागालैंड एकमात्र ऐसा राज्य है जहां यूसीसी लागू किया गया है।

उपरोक्त में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. दोनों 1 और 2
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

Explanation:

• Constitutional direction regarding UCC:
  • Article 44 of the Constitution lays down that the state shall endeavour to secure a UCC for the citizens throughout the territory of India.
• Goa is the only state where UCC has been implemented

Mains Practice Question:

Q) Do you agree that MGNREGA scheme has been able to address the issue of rural distress ? (150 words)

क्या आप सहमत हैं कि मनरेगा योजना ग्रामीण संकट के मुद्दे का समाधान करने में सक्षम है? (150 शब्द)

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 4 November 2022

UPSC Mains Result 2022

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