The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 9 November 2022

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 8 November 2022

• Researchers have discovered a new species of estuarine crab at the mangroves of Parangipettai near the Vellar river in Cuddalore district.
• The species has been named Pseudohelice annamalai in recognition of Annamalai University’s 100 years of service in education and research.
• An estuary is an area where a freshwater river or stream meets the ocean.

The Hindu Editorial Today

• India’s first privately developed rocket, Vikram-S, is poised to create history as it undergoes final preparations at the ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) launchpad in Sriharikota for launch between November 12 and 16.
• It was developed by the Hyderabad-based Skyroot Aerospace. The mission named ‘Prarambh’ (the beginning) — since it is the first mission for Skyroot — was unveiled by ISRO Chairman S. Somanath in Bengaluru after the technical launch clearance from the space regulator IN-SPACe, said a release from the firm on Tuesday.
• With this maiden mission, Skyroot is set to become the first private space company in India to launch a rocket into space, heralding a new era for the space sector which was recently opened up to facilitate private sector participation

• India’s decision to host the special session of the United Nations Security Council’s Counter-Terrorism Committee (UNSC-CTC) last month — held in Mumbai and New Delhi, it focused on new and emerging technologies — is one of a number of events planned by the Government to give its counter-terror diplomacy a greater push.
• The first challenge is that the “Global War On Terrorism” (GWOT), as it was conceived by a post-9/11 United States is over with the last chapter written last year, as the United States negotiated with the Taliban, and then withdrew from Afghanistan.
• GWOT itself was built on an unequal campaign — when India had asked for similar help to deal with the IC-814 hijacking (December 1999) less than two years prior to the 9/11 attacks
• The maximum India received in terms of global cooperation was actually from economic strictures that the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)’s grey list placed on Pakistan — Pakistan was cleared from this in October — indicating that the global appetite to punish Pakistan for terrorism has petered out.
• In addition, the weak international reaction to the Taliban’s takeover of Kabul, and its persecution of women and minorities in the country, demonstrate rising fatigue levels in dealing with “another country’s problems”.
• Next, the growing global polarisation over the Russia-Ukraine war is not only shifting the focus from terrorism but is also blurring the lines on what constitutes terrorism.
• India’s proposal, of 1996, of the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism (CCIT).

• The 27th session of the Conference of Parties (COP) is underway at Egypt’s sea-side city of Sharm el-Sheikh where, over two weeks, heads of government, diplomats, business heads, activists, journalists, and lobbyists will converge.
• The attempt is to inch ahead on a global rehaul of energy consumption to improve earth’s chances against catastrophic climate change.
• the essential principle remains constant: how to ensure that all countries contribute to paying for what it takes to avoid the consequences of global warming without compromising on economic development, while accounting for their historical responsibility in exacerbating the crisis.
• COP27 must send the message, loud and clear, that be it war or peace, poverty or plenty, securing the world’s future comes at a price that only gets costlier every passing day.

• Social media platforms regularly manage user content on their website.
• Similarly, when users see harmful/ illegal content online, they can flag the issue with the platform.
• It was voluntary for platforms to establish a grievance redressal mechanism through their terms of service until the government introduced the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021.
• Recently, the government amended these Rules and established Grievance Appellate Committees (GACs). Comprising government appointees, GACs will now sit in appeals over the platforms’ grievance redressal decisions.
• Under such a law, government orders to remove content must not only be necessary and proportionate, but must also comply with due process.
• co-regulation aligns government and platform interests.

• The National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI) of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research has begun field studies to put in place an early-warning system in the Himalayan States against major and sudden floods, rockslides, landslips, glacier lake bursts and avalanches and to prevent Chamoli kind of disasters in future.
• National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI) is a constituent research laboratory of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI) was established in 1961.

• Russia is India’s “steady and time-tested partner”, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, defending the 20-fold increase in India’s oil imports from the country this year
• External Affairs Minister does not make any specific offer to mediate during his talks with his counterpart in Moscow, but calls for dialogue and diplomacy between the two warring nations; he says Russia is India’s steady and time-tested partner

Q) Consider following statement:

1. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment for the introduction of 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections
2. 104th amendment of the Indian Constitution extended the deadline for the cessation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and states assemblies from Seventy years to Eighty.

Which of the above statements is/are Incorrect?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

निम्नलिखित कथन पर विचार करें:

1. आर्थिक रूप से कमजोर वर्गों के लिए 10% आरक्षण की शुरुआत के लिए 103वां संविधान संशोधन
2. भारतीय संविधान के 104वें संशोधन ने लोकसभा और राज्यों की विधानसभाओं में एससी और एसटी के लिए सीटों की समाप्ति की समय सीमा सत्तर वर्ष से बढ़ाकर अस्सी वर्ष कर दी।

उपरोक्त में से कौन सा/से कथन गलत है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. दोनों 1 और 2
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

• 104th amendment of the Indian Constitution extended the deadline for the cessation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and states assemblies from Seventy years to Eighty. It removed the reserved seats for the Anglo-Indian community in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies.
• The 103rd Constitutional Amendment for the introduction of 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections

Q) Which of the following qualification for governor mentioned in constitution

1. He should have completed the age of 30 years.
2. He should be not from a state where he is appointed.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

राज्यपाल के लिए निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी योग्यता संविधान में उल्लिखित है

1. उसे 30 वर्ष की आयु पूरी करनी चाहिए थी।
2. वह उस राज्य से नहीं होना चाहिए जहां उसे नियुक्त किया गया हो।

उपरोक्त में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. दोनों 1 और 2
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

Qualification

1. 1. He should be a citizen of India
   2. He should have completed the age of 35 years

Conventions that have developed while appointing a governor

• He should be not from a state where he is appointed
• While appointing the governor, the president is required to consult the CM of the state concerned

Q) A new species named Apis karinjodian recently has been discovered in:

1. Western Ghats
2. Eastern Ghats
3. Eastern Himalayas
4. Rann of Kutch

हाल ही में एपिस कारिंजोडियन नाम की एक नई प्रजाति की खोज की गई है:

1. पश्चिमी घाट
2. पूर्वी घाट
3. पूर्वी हिमालय
4. कच्छ का रण

Explanation :

• A new species of endemic honeybee has been discovered in the Western Ghats. The finding has been published in the September issue of Entomon, a peer-reviewed journal brought out by the Association for Advancement of Entomology.
• The new species has been named Apis karinjodian and given the common name Indian black honeybee.
• It is after a gap of more than 200 years that a new species of honeybee has been spotted in the Western Ghats.
• The last honeybee described from India was Apis indica in 1798 by Fabricius. Although Fabricius named the Indian bee Apis indica, it was not considered a valid species till now.
• The research team restored the status of Apis indica based on a new measure for species discrimination in honeybees termed ‘Radio-Medial Index (RMI)’.
• While proving the distinct identity of Apis indica, led to the discovery of Apis karinjodian.
• Apis karinjodian has evolved from Apis cerana morphotypes that got acclimatised to the hot and humid environment of the Western Ghats.

Q) Consider the following statements about Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel:

1. He was one of the main leaders of Kheda Satyagraha (1918) and Bardoli Satyagraha (1928).
2. He was appointed as the 49th President of the Indian National Congress.
3. For his commitment to national integration, he is known as the “Iron Man of India”.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

सरदार वल्लभ भाई पटेल के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

1. वह खेड़ा सत्याग्रह (1918) और बारडोली सत्याग्रह (1928) के प्रमुख नेताओं में से एक थे।
2. उन्हें भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के 49वें अध्यक्ष के रूप में नियुक्त किया गया था।
3. राष्ट्रीय एकता के प्रति उनकी प्रतिबद्धता के लिए, उन्हें “भारत के लौह पुरुष” के रूप में जाना जाता है।

ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1 और 2
2. केवल 2 और 3
3. केवल 1 और 3
4. 1, 2 और 3

Explanation:Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

• Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home minister of India.
• He was one of the main leaders of Kheda Satyagraha (1918) and Bardoli Satyagraha (1928).
• The women of Bardoli gave him the title of “Sardar”.
• He was appointed as the 49th President of the Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement.
• For his commitment to national integration, he is known as the “Iron Man of India”.

Q) Consider the following statements.

1. Article 324 of the Constitution provides the same protection to all the election commissioners as the chief election commissioner.
2. The chief election commissioner can only be removed on the same grounds as a judge of the Supreme Court.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें।

1. संविधान का अनुच्छेद 324 सभी चुनाव आयुक्तों को मुख्य चुनाव आयुक्त के समान सुरक्षा प्रदान करता है।
2. मुख्य चुनाव आयुक्त को केवल सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के न्यायाधीश के आधार पर ही हटाया जा सकता है।

उपरोक्त में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. दोनों 1 और 2
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

• The CEC and the Election Commissioners have a tenure of six years, or up to the age of 65, whichever is earlier, and enjoy the same status and receive salary and perks as available to Supreme Court judges.
• The CEC and the Election Commissioners enjoy the same decision-making powers which is suggestive of the fact that their powers are at par with each other.
• However, Article 324(5) does not provide similar protection to the Election Commissioners and it merely says that they cannot be removed from office except on the recommendation of the CEC.

Mains Practice Question:

Q) Myanmar is geopolitically significant to India as it stands at the center of the India-Southeast Asia geography. Explain (150 words)

म्यांमार भारत के लिए भू-राजनीतिक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि यह भारत-दक्षिण पूर्व एशिया भूगोल के केंद्र में स्थित है। समझाएं (150 शब्द)

Introduction: 

• Myanmar is geopolitically significant to India as it stands at the center of the India-Southeast Asia geography.
• Being the only country that sits at the intersection of India’s “Neighborhood First” policy and its “Act East” policy, and serves as a land bridge to connect South Asia and Southeast Asia.
• Myanmar is the only Southeast Asian country that shares a land border with northeastern India, along with maritime boundary in the Bay of Bengal.

Body: 

• Myanmar is an important member of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) & Mekong Ganga Cooperation significance in the context of our “Act East” policy.
• Myanmar has reaffirmed its respect of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of India and adopted the policy of not allowing any insurgent group to utilise Myanmar’s soil to undertake hostile acts against the Indian Government.
• The origin of the Indian community in Myanmar is traced to the mid-19th century with the advent of the British rule in Lower Burma in1852.
• There are varying estimates of 1.5-2.5 million people of Indian origin living and working in various parts of Myanmar.
• Given the strategic importance of Myanmar, it is therefore in India’s geostrategic interest to see Myanmar prevail as a stable and autonomous country, thereby making possible greater bilateral engagement in India-Myanmar relations.

Mains Practice Question:

Q) Why Addressing malnutrition is critical to laying a strong foundation for human development ?(150 words)

मानव विकास की मजबूत नींव रखने के लिए कुपोषण को संबोधित करना क्यों महत्वपूर्ण है? (150 शब्द)

UPSC Mains Result 2022

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