UPSC Environment 2018 | Important Notes & Study Material

Notes By-

Tushar Gupta

Cleared UPSC 2017 with AIR-113 in his first attempt.

(B.Tech- IIT Hyderabad)

Emissions

Bharat emission standards

Sulphur – 50 – 10 ppm – BS6

BS 5 – Diesel Particulate Filter – PM
BS 6 – Catalytic convertor — Nox

Emissions from Cars

CO
HC’s
PM
NOx
(CO2 is not a pollutant)

One horned Rhinos

Dudwa
Assam
- KZ
- Orang
- Pobitara
Jaladpara

Dead Zones	Deep sea hydrothermal vents
Only microbes can survive No oxygen, Nitrogen is decomposed and once no O left BoB	Microbes, fishes, crabs, slugs H2S is used by bacteria to make food Not dependent on sunlight to create food

Milk adulteration — Melamine

ST & other Traditional Forest Dwellers ( Recog of Forest Rights Act ) 2006 :
- Recog & secures (1) Community Rights (2) Individual Rights
- Recog Right of ownership-access of “minor forest produce” , traditionally collected
- Rights of displaced communitites + Rights over deve activities
- Gram Sabha ~ competent authority to determine extent of indiv / community rights that may be given ST
- Nodal Agency : MoTA
- At least 3 generation ; Cap = 4 hectares
- NP + Sactuaries + Reserve & Protected Forests included
Coastal Regulation Zone ( CRZ ) :
- Coastal stretches of seas, bays, estuaries Rivers & backwaters influenced by Tidal actions
- <———— —— 500m ————————> |HTL|< ————> |LTL|
National Green Tribunal ( NGT ) :
- Statutory Tribunal : specialised judicial & tech body —> adjudicates on envt disputes & issues
- NGT Act 2010 under [ Art 21 ] ~ Right to Healthy Envt
- “Merit Review” rather than conventional “decision making process” review of courts
  - Can take indepth scrutiny in not just law but also Technical basis for decision
- NGt guided by “principles of natural justice” and NOT “Code of Civil Procedure”
- Chairperson : Retired SC Judge Other members : Retired Judges + Expert in Envt conservation
- Jurisdiction only these Acts :
  - Water (Prevention / Pollution) Act 1974
  - Forest (Conservation) Act 1980
  - Air (Prevention / Protect ) Act 1981
  - Envt (“) Act 1986
  - Biological-D Act 2002
  - Public Liability Insurance Act 1991
- NGT CANNOT adjudicate on
  - Wildlife Act 1972 ( eg NP / Sanctuary )
  - Indian Forest Act 1927
  - State Laws

NP – 100 & WS – 500
- NP enjoy greater degree of protection than WS
- WS allows grazing / livestock ; NP does not
- WS : may be for particular species ; NP : not primarily focussed on particular species
MAB : Man & Biosphere —> sc. basis to imporve relationship b/w Man & Envt
Biosphere Reserve :
- People are integral part of Biosphere system
- Core : absolutely undisturbed Buffer : activities to protect core zone (RnD & limited tourism) Transition Zone : Settlements + Crop
- under WNBR & MAB prog (UNESCO)
- BR : conservation of overall Bio-d rather than specific flagship species